Rate Units – Items paid per 100 cubic metres (% cu m) For which of the following items is the rate commonly quoted per 100 m^3 (also written as per “% cu m”)?

Introduction / Context:
In schedule of rates and bills of quantities, certain bulk earthwork operations are priced per 100 m^3 (commonly denoted “% cu m”) to standardize large-volume tasks and simplify tendering.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Bulk earthwork items across excavation, trenching, rock cutting, and filling.
• Measurement in cubic metres.
• Conventional rate quotation practices.

Concept / Approach:
Items involving large volumes and similar handling are grouped under the per-100-m^3 convention. This includes general excavation, trench excavation (measured in m^3 by section method), rock cutting, and earth filling in plinths.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify all earthwork-like items in the list.Confirm that each is measured in m^3.Confirm that per-100-m^3 rate convention is applicable to all.

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard schedules (e.g., PWD/SOR) show “per 100 m^3” entries for bulk excavation, rock cutting (by volume), and earth filling items.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Options a–d are each correct on their own; hence “All of the above” is the best choice.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “per m^3” with “per 100 m^3” or assuming trench excavation is always per running metre; in estimation it is typically volumetric unless specifically stated otherwise.

Final Answer:
All of the above