Earthwork – Statements that are correct regarding excavation and embankment Which of the following statements correctly describe standard practice for earthwork operations and measurement?

Introduction / Context:
Earthwork execution and measurement rely on tried-and-tested field procedures to ensure safety, accuracy, and quality. Examinations frequently test recognition of these practices so that engineers can specify, supervise, and measure work consistently with standard codes and SORs.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Borrow pit excavation for filling or embankment.
• Levelling instruments used for pre- and post-work levels.
• Road embankment constructed in controlled layers to a designed profile.

Concept / Approach:

Each option corresponds to a standard practice: leaving dead men to determine average depth, computing quantities from level grids and RL differences, and executing embankment in layers to the specified density and profile. Together, they form a coherent set of procedures for both quantity measurement and quality control.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Field textbooks and IS-type methods of measurement confirm all three statements as standard practice across departments.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Choosing any single statement would wrongly imply that others are incorrect, which is not the case.

Common Pitfalls:

Ignoring dead men and relying on guesswork; skipping level books; constructing embankments without layer-wise compaction or profile control.

Final Answer:

All of the above.