Estimating Basics – Contingencies, work-charged staff, detailed specs, and market rate Which of the following statements is correct in the context of preparing detailed estimates?
-
AIncidental expenses of unpredictable, miscellaneous character are included under contingencies
-
BAdditional supervising staff engaged at the work site are covered under work-charged establishment
-
CDetailed specifications state the qualities, quantities, and proportions of materials for an item
-
DThe cost per unit at which an article can be procured at a given time from the open market is called the market rate
-
EAll of the above
Answer
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Accurate estimates rely on clear terminology: contingencies, work-charged establishment, detailed specifications, and market rate. Knowing these definitions avoids omissions and mispricing in tenders and DPRs (Detailed Project Reports).
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Standard building works estimate.
- Need to include non-measurable incidentals, staffing, material requirements, and prevailing rates.
Concept / Approach:Each term has a specific meaning in estimating practice, guiding how costs are grouped and justified in the BOQ and the summary sheet.
Step-by-Step Solution:Contingencies ⇒ provision for unforeseen, incidental expenditure.Work-charged establishment ⇒ staff wages charged directly to the work during execution.Detailed specifications ⇒ technical prescription of material quality, proportion, workmanship, and tests.Market rate ⇒ current open-market procurement price per unit.
Verification / Alternative check:These align with textbook and code definitions used in government estimates and CPWD practice.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- a–d are each correct, so “All of the above” is the correct combined choice.
Common Pitfalls:Confusing contingencies with provisions for price escalation, or misclassifying permanent staff under work-charged establishment, may distort budget lines.
Final Answer:All of the above