Productivity – Out-turn of excavation by one mazdoor per day in ordinary soil What is the expected out-turn (quantity of earthwork) that one mazdoor can excavate in ordinary soil in one working day under normal conditions?

Introduction / Context:
Labour productivity norms are used to plan resources, estimate duration, and prepare unit-rate analyses. For small-scale or manual earthwork in ordinary soil, out-turn per worker per day is tabulated in many schedules and serves as a baseline for planning.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ordinary soil (no rock, no extensive roots or boulders).
• Hand excavation using standard tools under normal site conditions.
• Typical 8-hour working day and average labour skill/pace.

Concept / Approach:

Out-turn depends on soil type, depth, disposal lead/lift, and weather. In ordinary soil with short lead and standard lift, a commonly used planning norm is about 2 cubic metres per mazdoor per day. This figure is indicative for preliminary estimation and should be adjusted by productivity studies for project-specific conditions.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Cross-reference departmental schedules and textbooks: typical ranges of 1.5–2.5 m^3 are cited; 2.00 m^3 is a conventional planning value used in exam questions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

1.00 m^3 is conservative for ordinary soil; 3.00–4.00 m^3 are optimistic for average conditions; 0.75 m^3 is too low absent constraints.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming the same output for hard soil or rock; ignoring effects of waterlogging, disposal distance, and team composition (mazdoor, beldar, mate).

Final Answer:

2.00 cum