Which statement about integrated circuits (ICs) is correct in the context of electronics history and terminology?

Introduction / Context:
The integrated circuit (IC) is a foundational technology that condensed multiple electronic components onto a single semiconductor substrate. Understanding accurate historical relationships and common terminology improves clarity in technical communication.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Transistors historically predate integrated circuits.
• “Chip” is widely used as a synonym for an IC.
• ICs indeed transformed electronics by increasing complexity per unit area and reducing cost.

Concept / Approach:
We need exactly one correct option. Two statements are true in general (ICs are called chips; ICs revolutionized electronics), but the option pairing in D incorrectly couples a true statement with a false one, making D invalid. The safest single, unambiguous truth is that an IC is commonly called a “chip.”

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Electronics references consistently use “chip” as shorthand for ICs and place transistor invention before IC development, verifying our choices.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Allowing multiple correct answers in MCQs; ensure distractors do not accidentally become true in general contexts.

Final Answer:
An integrated circuit is often called a “chip”