Surveying Questions

• Curve designation in surveying – standard definition used in practice By what is the designation of a (horizontal) curve commonly defined in classical surveying practice?
• Plane table alignment – effect of cross-tilt on parallelism of line of sight and fiducial edge If the plane table is not horizontal in the direction at right angles to the alidade, the line of sight will be parallel to the fiducial edge only for which type of sight?
• Terminology of curve setting – name for a chord shorter than the peg interval In laying out a curve with standard peg (stake) spacing, the chord that is smaller than the peg interval is referred to as:
• Levelling staff graduations – counting the smallest divisions per metre On a standard levelling staff used in engineering surveys, how many subdivisions are there per metre length?
• Transition–circular junction geometry – offset from tangent in terms of shift For a transition curve joining a circular curve, the perpendicular offset from the tangent to the junction point (transition–circular junction) is equal to which multiple of the shift S of the curve?
• Surveying telescope optics – objective and diaphragm placement: Which statements correctly describe the internal arrangement of a typical surveying telescope (diaphragm location and objective lens components)?
• Contours and terrain interpretation: Contour lines of different elevations can meet and merge into a single line only under which special terrain condition?
• Triangulation quality – well-conditioned triangle: In primary/secondary triangulation, a triangle is considered well conditioned if no angle is less than what minimum value?
• Tacheometry – inclined sights correction: For horizontal distance by stadia with line of sight inclined at angle θ (staff vertical), the standard horizontal-sight formula can be adapted by multiplying which constants?
• Bearings terminology for a line AB: For two stations A and B, which statements about the fore bearing and back bearing of line AB are correct?
• Rankine’s method – deflection angle per chord: According to Rankine’s method of tangential (deflection) angles, the deflection angle in minutes for a sub-chord is obtained by multiplying the chord length by which quantity?
• Chaining on slopes – choice of direction: When measuring with a chain or tape on sloping ground, along which gradient is the work generally easier and more controllable?
• Choice of tacheometric method: Subtense tacheometry (using a fixed-length subtense bar or target) is generally preferred under which ground conditions?
• Angular measurement accuracy in theodolite work: If you must observe an included angle with accuracy better than what a single vernier reading provides, which observing method should you prefer?
• Error theory in chaining and traversing: Accidental (compensating) errors associated with a measured length L are generally proportional to which function of L?
• Improving a difficult linear traverse around a large curved obstacle (e.g., a lake): When long legs are hard to obtain, which measures enhance traverse accuracy?
• Plane-table resection (three-point problem) — correct sequence of operations: Rough orientation of the plane table The three rays form a small triangle of error Draw back rays through the three plotted control points Select a point within the triangle so each ray would be equally rotated (clockwise or anticlockwise) The adjusted intersection of the three rays gives the correct station position Choose the correct order.
• Small-angle facts and error growth in traverses: Which of the following statements are correct regarding angular/linear relations and error propagation?
• Chain surveying — what is the essential purpose of providing check lines (proof lines) in a chain survey of a small area?
• Traverse terminology — the distance between two terminal points obtained from a subsidiary traverse run between them is commonly called: