Surveying Questions

• Highway/railway transition curves for automobiles: The properties expected of an ideal autogenous (self-generated) path of a vehicle—such as curvature increasing linearly with arc length for smooth steering and comfort—are best represented by which transition curve?
• Plane-table orientation with two visible but inaccessible points: At a new station where two known points are visible but cannot be occupied or measured to, which method is generally adopted to orient the plane table?
• Good field practice in chaining operations: Which statements about handling the chain and arrows during measurement are correct in standard chain surveying procedure?
• Included angle from whole-circle bearings: If the whole-circle bearings of lines OA and OB are 16° 10' and 332° 18' respectively, what is the included angle BOA (taken at O from OB to OA, choosing the smaller angle)?
• Framework checks in chain surveying: What are the additional lines measured specifically to check the accuracy and correctness of the chain survey framework called?
• General sag correction formula for a suspended tape: If a pull F (kgf) is applied at the tape ends, l is the span between supports (m), and w is the tape weight per meter (kgf/m), which expression gives the sag correction to be subtracted from the measured length?
• Ceiling (slab underside) height from floor by levelling: A floor has RL = 99.995 m and the staff reading on the floor is 1.505 m. An inverted staff reading taken to the roof underside (slab) is 1.795 m. What is the floor-to-slab height?
• Basic definitions in levelling: At a given point, the straight line normal to the plumb line (i.e., perpendicular to the direction of gravity) is known as which line?
• Survey instruments — practical application: In civil engineering fieldwork, a planimeter is specifically used for measuring which quantity on maps or plotted drawings? Provide the single best answer.
• Optics of surveying telescopes: The resolving power of a telescope used in theodolites, total stations, or levels primarily depends on which factor? Choose the most appropriate determinant.
• Theodolite traversing — included angles: In standard field practice, the included angles of a theodolite traverse are generally measured in which sense and from which reference at each station?
• Deflection-angle traversing: In a closed traverse where deflection angles are observed, the difference between the sum of right-hand deflections and the sum of left-hand deflections should be equal to which value for correct closure?
• Prismatic compass — ideal conditions: Which statements describe a perfect (ideal) prismatic compass setup and needle behavior?
• Traverse precision — dominant error source: Under ordinary field conditions with a theodolite traverse (systematic errors minimized by good practice), which type of error most strongly limits the attainable precision?
• Bearing conversion — special direction: If the whole circle bearing (WCB) of a line is 270°, what is its reduced (quadrantal) bearing expressed in the standard N/S θ E/W format?
• Plane tabling — fixing the station: Locating the position of a plane-table station with respect to three well-defined, already-plotted points is commonly called what?
• Optical defects in lenses: The defect in which white light from a point source is dispersed into component colors that focus at different distances, producing a blurred, colored image, is called:
• Metric chains — link density: For a standard metric survey chain used in basic chaining, how many links are there per metre length of the chain?
• Simple Circular Curve Geometry – Mid-ordinate (Distance from Long Chord to Curve Mid-point) For a simple circular curve of radius R and central (deflection) angle Δ, what is the distance from the mid-point of the curve to the long chord (i.e., the mid-ordinate)?
• Contouring Method Selection – Best Technique for Undulating Terrain For preparing contours over an undulating area (moderate relief with frequent rises and falls), which field method is generally preferred for efficiency and accuracy?