Statement & Assumption — “The number of people living below the poverty line in urban areas has increased since last year.” Which assumptions are implicit? I. People living in rural areas are not below the poverty line. II. A comparable survey or data collection was conducted last year.

Introduction / Context:
The claim compares urban poverty levels across two time points (“since last year”). We test which assumptions are required for that comparison to be meaningful.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Urban poverty is being compared across years.
• The statement is silent about rural poverty.

Concept / Approach:
To assert an “increase since last year,” there must be valid prior data for last year (Assumption II). Nothing about rural poverty follows from a statement specifically confined to urban areas, so Assumption I is not required.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Affirm II: A baseline (last year) is necessary for an increase claim.Reject I: Urban trends do not determine rural status.

Verification / Alternative check:
Comparatives (increase/decrease) presuppose comparable measurements over time.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Options including I import an unrelated rural inference.

Final Answer:
if only Assumption II is implicit