Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: if both I and II is implicit.
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
The statement contrasts structural change (constitutional revision) with behavioral/institutional failure (citizens and leaders not living up to it). It invites self-scrutiny before amending the text.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
For the caution to be meaningful, two premises are required: (I) that revision is insufficient without obedience and spirit-of-law adherence; (II) that something is indeed amiss (governance/compliance), hence the question “who failed whom?” Both premises are necessary to motivate reflection over mere textual tinkering.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) I is implicit: otherwise, revision would be the obvious cure without debate.2) II is implicit: without acknowledging problems, the dilemma would be pointless.
Verification / Alternative check:
Institutional performance rests on design and adherence; many reforms fail when norms lag.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Choosing only one premise undercuts the argument’s balance; “neither” contradicts the explicit dilemma.
Common Pitfalls:
Assuming text changes alone can substitute for institutional will.
Final Answer:
if both I and II is implicit.
Discussion & Comments