In network planning for civil engineering projects, identify the incorrect statement about activities, events, nodes, and networks.

Introduction / Context:
This question checks foundational terminology in project scheduling (PERT/CPM): what are activities, events/nodes, and how they combine to form a network. Clarity on these definitions prevents modeling errors that lead to wrong schedules and floats.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Activity represents work that takes time and resources.
• Event (node) marks an instantaneous milestone (start or finish) with zero duration.
• A project network links activities and events in logical order.
• Only one statement is incorrect among the given options.

Concept / Approach:
In classic Activity-on-Arrow or Activity-on-Node conventions, activities consume time; events (nodes) do not. The critical activity is the one on the critical path with zero total float, but it is still an activity, not a node. Therefore, any statement that calls an activity a node is incorrect.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Check option A: It correctly defines activity as time-consuming work.Check option B: Correct—events mark start/finish points with zero duration.Check option C: Incorrect—nodes are events, not time-consuming activities; the longest activity is not called a node.Check option D: Correct—networks are built from activities and events in sequence.Conclude that C is the incorrect statement.

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard references define nodes as milestones and activities as duration-bearing tasks. Critical activities have zero total float but remain activities.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Option A: Correct statement; not wrong.
• Option B: Correct statement; not wrong.
• Option D: Correct statement; not wrong.
• Option E: Invalid because there is an incorrect statement (C).

Common Pitfalls:
Calling a long or critical activity a node; confusing instantaneous events with time-consuming activities; mixing AOA and AON terminology without keeping their meanings clear.

Final Answer:
The activity that consumes the maximum time is called a node.