In public works and civil engineering departments, the final technical authority for a project—covering drawings, specifications, and design approvals—vests with the Chief Engineer.

Introduction / Context:
The question tests understanding of hierarchical technical authority in typical government engineering set-ups (Public Works Department, irrigation, public health, military engineering). Knowing who gives the final technical clearance ensures clarity on accountability for design integrity, safety, and compliance.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A standard multi-tier engineering hierarchy exists: Assistant Engineer, Executive Engineer, Superintending Engineer, Chief Engineer.
• Technical authority refers to approval of designs, drawings, estimates, and specifications.
• Procurement or financial sanction may have separate delegated powers; here we focus on technical authority.

Concept / Approach:
In most public works manuals, 'final technical sanction' for significant projects lies with the highest technical post. Lower tiers prepare, scrutinize, and recommend; higher tiers review for code compliance, safety margins, and standard specifications. The Chief Engineer is responsible for department-wide technical standards and, therefore, is the final technical authority for major projects within delegated limits or as per government rules.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify what 'final technical authority' means: ultimate sign-off on technical adequacy.2) Map responsibilities by cadre: A.E. prepares, E.E. consolidates and manages division, S.E. oversees circles and ensures quality control.3) The Chief Engineer frames standards/specifications and accords final technical sanction for major works.4) Conclude: Chief Engineer holds the final technical authority.

Verification / Alternative check:
Departmental codes (PWD/Irrigation manuals) and delegation of powers tables consistently show higher thresholds and final sanctions resting with the Chief Engineer, subject to budgetary ceilings and government authorization.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Assistant Engineer: Executes site-level supervision and prepares estimates; not final authority.
• Executive Engineer: Division head; can accord sanction up to lower limits, not final for major works.
• Superintending Engineer: Circle-level control and scrutiny; still not the apex technical authority.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing financial sanction with technical sanction.
• Assuming divisional approval equals department-level final authority.

Final Answer:
Chief Engineer.