Statement:\n“The employees’ association has appealed to the manager of company S to introduce a written examination for clerical recruitment to prevent selection of incompetent persons.”\n\nAssumptions:\nI. Until now, company S selected candidates without a written examination.\nII. A written examination can help identify competent persons for clerical roles.\nIII. At higher organizational levels, a written examination may not be very useful.\n\nWhich of the above assumptions are implicit?

Introduction / Context:
An appeal to “introduce” a written test suggests that such a test is currently absent and that its introduction will improve selection quality. We must test which assumptions are required for the appeal to be meaningful and targeted at preventing incompetence in recruitment.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Proposal: Add a written examination for clerical recruitment at company S.
• Assumption I: Currently there is no written examination in use.
• Assumption II: Written exams can discriminate between competent and incompetent candidates.
• Assumption III: At higher levels, written exams may not be useful.

Concept / Approach:
For the request to make sense, two beliefs must hold: the test is not already in place, and adding it will improve competency filtering. Views about higher-level recruitment are irrelevant to the stated proposal focused on clerical cadre.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
If a written test already existed, the appeal would be pointless. If it could not help identify competence, it would not serve the stated purpose. Thus I and II are both necessary.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Generalizing the proposal to all levels of hiring. The scope is explicitly the clerical cadre.

Final Answer:
Assumptions I and II are implicit.