Statement: During the recent festival season, the city saw a spurt in criminal activities.\nCourses of Action:\nI. Police should immediately investigate the causes of the surge.\nII. In future, police should take adequate precautions during festivals to prevent recurrence.\nIII. Arrest all known criminals before every festival season as a blanket measure.

Introduction / Context:
Festival peaks often draw crowds, cash, and mobility—raising opportunities for theft and disorder. Effective policing balances targeted enforcement and civil liberties.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Crimes surged specifically during festivals.
• Exact causes (patrol gaps, lighting, cash movement) are unknown.

Concept / Approach:
Investigating causes (I) allows data-led deployment (hotspots, timings, crime typology). Precautionary steps (II) include foot patrols, CCTV surges, crowd control, mobile courts, and public advisories. Blanket pre-emptive arrests (III) of “known criminals” absent specific threat intelligence are unlawful and counterproductive.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Analyze incident heat maps; audit beat plans (I).2) Create festival-time SOPs: checkpoints, rapid response, lighting fixes, cash-van escorts (II).3) Use lawful, targeted preventive actions only where credible inputs exist.

Verification / Alternative check:
Problem-oriented policing and event-based surge models reduce crime without civil-liberty violations.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
III overreaches; All wrongly includes III; single-option choices ignore the complementary nature of I and II.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating “known criminal” lists with blanket detention authority.

Final Answer:
Both I and II follow.