Statement: Natural calamities are occurring more frequently now than five years ago.\nCourses of Action:\nI. Maintain always-ready disaster management action plans and capacities.\nII. Restrict/deny development activities that harm nature and worsen hazards.\nIII. Appoint a panel of environmentalists and scientists to plan for varied calamities.

Introduction / Context:
Higher hazard frequency/intensity requires preparedness, prevention, and science-based planning. The courses of action should address response capacity, risk drivers, and technical guidance.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Calamities are more frequent/recent.
• Policy levers include preparedness, regulation, and expertise.

Concept / Approach:
Readiness (I) covers early warnings, stockpiles, drills, inter-agency SOPs. Environmental safeguards (II) reduce exposure/vulnerability (wetland loss, floodplain encroachment, slope cutting). Expert panels (III) ensure hazard-specific planning (cyclones, floods, heatwaves, earthquakes) with updated risk maps and climate projections.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Institutionalize incident command, EOCs, and community volunteers (I).2) Enforce EIA, land-use zoning, and green buffers (II).3) Task a multidisciplinary panel to integrate science into SOPs and investments (III).

Verification / Alternative check:
Sendai Framework pillars echo preparedness, prevention, and knowledge use.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Any subset omits a critical pillar.

Common Pitfalls:
Response-only mindset without prevention; committees without teeth.

Final Answer:
All follow.