Statement: MBA institutes are mushrooming, and many graduating MBAs lack adequate quality. Courses of Action: I. Enforce stringent norms for approval and oversight of management institutes. II. Students should evaluate the market value and outcomes of the specific program before admission. III. Employers should require an MBA only where genuinely essential.

Introduction / Context:
Education quality problems call for actions across regulators, consumers (students), and employers. Oversupply without standards dilutes outcomes and misallocates human capital.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Rapid institute growth; uneven quality.
• Students and recruiters face signal noise.

Concept / Approach:
Regulatory rigor (I) raises baseline standards (faculty ratios, curriculum, placements, audits). Informed student choice (II) aligns demand with quality. Employer discipline (III) reduces credential inflation, rewarding competence/role fit.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Tighten approvals, periodic accreditation (I).2) Publish outcomes; students compare ROI, pedagogy, alumni (II).3) Calibrate job requirements to real skill needs (III).

Verification / Alternative check:
Markets with transparent quality signals self-correct faster alongside regulation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Partial measures fix only parts of the failure.

Common Pitfalls:
Overreliance on brand names; ignoring program-level outcomes.

Final Answer:
All follow.