Digital System Projects Using HDL Questions

• Keypad encoder signal detection in HDL projects: In the keypad encoder design, which element is responsible for detecting that a key press has occurred and for latching the code for stable output?
• Stepper motor HDL output behavior: Depending on the ________, the IC changes output states on each input pulse to realize different stepping schemes (wave, full, half). Choose the most appropriate word.
• Digital clock timing block identification: In the digital clock project, a 60 pulses-per-second (60 pps) input is converted to a 1 pulse-per-second (1 pps) timing signal. What is the most appropriate name for this block?
• Project definition phase in real-world HDL systems: During the very first step of defining a practical digital project, which activity is typically required from the project manager to frame the problem and constraints?
• What does a frequency counter do? Choose the most accurate description of a standalone frequency counter’s function with respect to an input signal.
• Early project partitioning best practice: When devising a strategy to divide a complex digital project into manageable modules, what must be done first to ensure correct partitioning and interfaces?
• Stepper motor control (full-step operation): In the full-step drive sequence for a typical permanent-magnet or hybrid stepper motor, two phase coils are energized in every state of the sequence. This standard drive mode usually produces how many degrees of mechanical shaft rotation per step?
• HDL keypad encoder behavior: In a keypad encoder design, which element must latch and hold its present state until the pressed key is released to ensure clean detection and prevent spurious transitions?
• Frequency counter timing window: In a basic digital frequency counter, the range-select input determines the length of time that the ________ is enabled to count input cycles.
• Stepper motor HDL control modes: In the stepper motor HDL module, which mode causes the design to ignore counter-driven stepping inputs and instead route external control inputs directly to the phase outputs (manual/direct control)?
• Frequency counter architecture: The major functional blocks of a basic frequency counter are the counter, ________, decoder/display, and a timing/control unit. Which block properly fills the blank?
• Digital clock HDL design: In the provided digital clock project, the MOD-12 counting function (for hours) is realized using which arrangement of simpler counters?
• Digital clock AM/PM control: In the digital clock project, when the time is 11:59:59 and the tens-of-hours equals 1 with enable active, what happens to the AM/PM flip-flop on the next clock pulse?
• Stepper motor drive modes: In a stepper motor controller, the half-step sequence is selected when which design goal is most important?
• VHDL/HDL PROCESS semantics: Within a PROCESS, VARIABLES are considered to update ________ as statements execute, whereas SIGNALS referenced inside the same PROCESS update when the PROCESS ________.
• Small project management (digital systems): At the outset of a small HDL/digital design project, one of the first practical steps is to determine ________ so that each subsystem can be verified independently.
• Stepper-motor simulation vs. real hardware: In HDL-based verification of a stepper-motor controller, the event-driven simulator advances time in discrete steps and does not model mechanical inertia in real time. The observed “step rate” in simulation is therefore most likely ________ the step rate of the actual motor under hardware conditions.
• Keypad encoder implementation detail: In a VHDL-based keypad encoder, the ring counter that sequences the column scan is typically implemented inside a ________ that is sensitive to the clk input.
• Frequency counter architecture: Within a digital frequency counter, the timing and control block provides the overall coordination of gating, counting, range selection, and latching—in other words, it supplies the ________ of the instrument.
• Programming construct terminology: Using one CASE construct inside another CASE construct in HDL is known as ________.