In which of the following branches of knowledge is outstanding contribution for the benefit of humankind not recognised with a Nobel Prize?

Introduction / Context:
This question focuses on the fields in which Nobel Prizes are awarded. It asks which branch of knowledge listed is not covered by the Nobel Prize system. Knowing the official Nobel categories is standard general knowledge for many competitive exams.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question is about branches of knowledge associated with Nobel Prizes.
• The options list Medicine, Chemistry, Engineering, Economics and Physics.
• We assume students know that Economics is technically the Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel.

Concept / Approach:
Nobel Prizes are traditionally awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. Later, a prize in Economic Sciences was also established in memory of Alfred Nobel. There is no Nobel Prize category specifically for Engineering, even though many Nobel winning inventions and discoveries are highly relevant to engineering.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: List the traditional Nobel categories in mind, which are Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. Step 2: Add the later established prize in Economic Sciences, which is commonly called the Nobel Prize in Economics. Step 3: Compare these categories with the options. Step 4: Medicine clearly matches Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry and Physics are basic science categories, and Economics matches the prize in Economic Sciences. Step 5: Engineering does not appear as a separate Nobel category, so it must be the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
As a cross check, remember that many engineers are honoured by other awards such as the Turing Award in computing or the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering, but they do not receive a Nobel Prize solely for engineering work. Instead, Nobel Prizes in Physics or Chemistry often go to scientists whose work also has engineering applications.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Medicine corresponds to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Chemistry is one of the original Nobel categories. Economics refers to the Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel, which is widely treated as part of the Nobel family. Physics is also one of the original Nobel categories. Since all of these are recognised in some formal Nobel category, they cannot be the correct answer to this question.

Common Pitfalls:
Candidates sometimes become confused by the fact that Economics was added later and may think it is not a real Nobel Prize. However, the question is about branches where outstanding work is not recognised with any Nobel Prize at all. Engineering is the branch that lacks a direct Nobel category, even though engineers may contribute to Nobel winning projects in other fields.

Final Answer:
The branch of knowledge not directly recognised with a Nobel Prize is Engineering.