Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for efforts to end apartheid and establish a democratic and inclusive South Africa?

Introduction / Context:
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the most respected international awards, given to individuals or organisations that work for peace, human rights, and conflict resolution. The 1993 Nobel Peace Prize is particularly important in modern history because it is connected with the end of apartheid and the transformation of South Africa into a democratic state. This question checks whether you can recall who, among a set of well known figures, actually received the Nobel Peace Prize in that specific year for this cause.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The year in question is 1993.
• The prize is the Nobel Peace Prize.
• The context is the struggle against apartheid in South Africa.
• The options include Mother Teresa, Nelson Mandela, C. V. Raman, and an All of the above option.

Concept / Approach:
In 1993 the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk for their efforts to peacefully end apartheid and lay the foundations for a new democratic South Africa. Nelson Mandela, a key leader in the anti apartheid movement and future president of South Africa, is the only name in the options associated with this prize in that year. Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize earlier, in 1979, mainly for her humanitarian work in India and beyond. C. V. Raman was a physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics, not Peace. Therefore, the correct answer is Nelson Mandela.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Note that the prize is specifically the Nobel Peace Prize, not Literature or Physics. Step 2: Recall that apartheid and South Africa are connected strongly with Nelson Mandela. Step 3: Remember that in 1993 the Nobel Peace Prize was given to Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk, so Mandela must be in the correct answer. Step 4: Check each option and see that only Nelson Mandela fits the year and the peace context. Step 5: Reject All of the above because the other listed personalities did not get this prize in 1993.

Verification / Alternative check:
You can verify this by recalling the timeline of major global events. The early nineteen nineties saw the negotiations that dismantled apartheid and led to South Africa first fully democratic elections in 1994. In most standard general knowledge books, the names Mandela and de Klerk are clearly mentioned together for the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. Since the other names in the options are associated with different years and different prize categories, this serves as a strong confirmation that Nelson Mandela is the correct choice.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Mother Teresa did receive a Nobel Peace Prize, but in 1979, and for humanitarian and charity work rather than political negotiations in South Africa.
C. V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on the scattering of light, not any Nobel Peace Prize.
All of the above cannot be correct because not all listed individuals received the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, and the question refers to a single year and a specific context.

Common Pitfalls:
A frequent mistake is mixing different Nobel categories or years, leading to confusion between laureates. Some learners also choose All of the above when they are unsure, which is risky if even one option is clearly incompatible with the year or category. To avoid these pitfalls, always match three things together: the year, the exact category of Nobel Prize, and the historical event or contribution for which it was awarded.

Final Answer:
The 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for efforts to end apartheid in South Africa was awarded to Nelson Mandela together with F. W. de Klerk, and among the given options the correct choice is Nelson Mandela.