Definition of animal pharming In biotechnology and agriculture, what does the term “animal pharming” most accurately describe?

Introduction / Context:
Animal pharming (biopharming) is a biotechnological approach where animals are engineered to express valuable therapeutic proteins or industrial enzymes, often secreted in accessible fluids such as milk or egg white.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Focus is on “novel products,” not typical agricultural outputs.
• Expression is typically driven by tissue-specific promoters (e.g., mammary gland).

Concept / Approach:
Transgenes encoding human proteins (for example, antithrombin, clotting factors) are integrated into animal genomes to achieve high-yield, scalable bioproduction using existing husbandry and downstream purification methods.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Case studies include transgenic goats producing antithrombin in milk and hens producing therapeutic proteins in eggs.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Conventional farming: not biotechnology-driven production of novel molecules.
• Transgenics solely for growth: that is genetic improvement, not pharming per se.
• Clean rooms without modification: housing conditions do not define pharming.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing general transgenic traits (growth, disease resistance) with specific biomanufacturing goals of pharming.

Final Answer:
Programming animals to produce novel products (e.g., biopharmaceuticals) in milk, eggs, or blood