Which option best describes artificial insemination (AI) as performed in animal reproduction programs?

Introduction / Context:
Artificial insemination (AI) is a cornerstone of modern animal breeding, enabling widespread use of elite sires, controlled mating, and biosecurity advantages. Differentiating AI from embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization is essential for correct terminology and practice.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• AI places semen in the female tract without natural copulation.
• Timing relative to estrus/ovulation is critical for conception.
• Other assisted reproductive technologies include IVF and embryo transfer (ET).

Concept / Approach:
AI involves semen collection, processing (extenders, cooling or freezing), and deposition (cervical, intrauterine) using specialized equipment. It is distinct from creating embryos in vitro (IVF) or transferring embryos into recipients (ET).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Industry protocols for cattle, swine, and small ruminants explicitly define AI as timed semen deposition, confirming the choice.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Embryo transfer and IVF are distinct technologies.
• “Selective breeding” refers to choosing parents, not the insemination technique.
• Ovariectomy is unrelated to AI.

Common Pitfalls:
Conflating AI with ET/IVF; overlooking the critical role of estrus synchronization and semen handling in AI success.

Final Answer:
Collecting semen and placing it directly into the female reproductive tract at the proper time