Statement — From available cultural records, it is evident that even in ancient India both teachers (“masters”) and students (“disciples”) valued not the quantity but the quality of knowledge. Question — Which conclusion necessarily follows from the statement, without adding new assumptions?

Introduction / Context:The stem claims that in ancient India both masters and disciples prioritised the quality of knowledge rather than its quantity. Our task is to test two proposed conclusions and decide which one must be true given only the statement.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Primary fact: both teachers and students emphasised quality over quantity.
• No claim is made that quantity is useless or “meaningless.”
• The record suggests alignment between teachers and students regarding what they valued.

Concept / Approach:Logical consequence means the conclusion is embedded in, or is an unavoidable restatement of, the original claim. We must avoid importing extra value judgements or universal negatives not present in the stem.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:If teachers and students both valued quality, then their values coincided; this is exactly the content of II. Nothing in the stem condemns quantity as meaningless, so I overreaches.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:Confusing “preferred X over Y” with “Y is worthless.” Preference is not a total negation.

Final Answer:if only Conclusion II follows