Statement–Courses of Action (multi-year drought and exodus): Four districts of State A have faced severe drought for three consecutive years, causing people to leave; judge which course(s) follow—(I) launch an immediate food-for-work programme to stem the exodus, (II) make sincere efforts to provide potable drinking water—on timeliness and direct relevance.

Given data

• Statement: Prolonged drought has led to outward migration from four districts.
• Course I: Immediate food-for-work programme (income + local asset creation) to halt exodus.
• Course II: Sincere efforts to ensure potable water availability.

Concept / ApproachIn disasters, a mix of relief (income/food security) and mitigation (essential services like water) is warranted.

Step-by-step evaluationStep 1: Food-for-work provides immediate livelihood support and helps retain populations (I).Step 2: Drinking water is a critical necessity in drought; ensuring supply (II) directly addresses the driver of distress.Step 3: The measures complement each other and jointly target survival and dignity.

Verification / AlternativeRelief and mitigation packages are standard in drought management; both actions are feasible and appropriate.

Common pitfalls

• Treating immediate relief and infrastructure provision as mutually exclusive. They are not.

Final AnswerBoth I and II follow.