Question 1

In the pattern XXXXXXYY, XXXXXYXY, XXXXYXXY, XXXYXXXY, XXYXXXXY, which of the following options correctly continues the trend of where the two Y letters appear?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question presents a string pattern made of X and Y characters. The given sequence is XXXXXXYY, XXXXXYXY, XXXXYXXY, XXXYXXXY, XXYXXXXY, ?. We must identify how the two Y letters move within an 8 character string and then choose the option that correctly continues this movement. Problems like this test a candidate's ability to track positions of multiple special characters simultaneously and recognise a consistent positional trend. Given Data / Assumptions: • Each string has 8 characters.• In every term, there are exactly 2 Y characters and 6 X characters.• The rightmost Y seems to stay in the same position while the left Y moves.• The strings in order are: XXXXXXYY, XXXXXYXY, XXXXYXXY, XXXYXXXY, XXYXXXXY. Concept / Approach: The method is to index positions from left to right and mark where each Y appears in each term. By listing these positions, we can look for a pattern for the left Y and for the right Y separately. If the right Y remains fixed while the left Y moves step by step, we can determine the exact next position of the left Y, and from that, reconstruct the full string of X and Y characters for the next term in the sequence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Number positions 1 through 8 from left to right.Step 2: Find the positions of Y in each term:• XXXXXXYY → Y at positions 7 and 8.• XXXXXYXY → Y at positions 6 and 8.• XXXXYXXY → Y at positions 5 and 8.• XXXYXXXY → Y at positions 4 and 8.• XXYXXXXY → Y at positions 3 and 8.Step 3: We observe that the rightmost Y is always at position 8.Step 4: The left Y moves leftward one position at each step: 7, 6, 5, 4, 3.Step 5: Continuing this leftward movement, the next position for the left Y must be 2.Step 6: Hence, in the next term, Y should be located at positions 2 and 8, and all other positions should be filled with X.Step 7: A string with Y at positions 2 and 8 is X Y X X X X X Y, which is written as XYXXXXXY. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly verify by listing all strings including the predicted one: XXXXXXYY (Y at 7,8), XXXXXYXY (6,8), XXXXYXXY (5,8), XXXYXXXY (4,8), XXYXXXXY (3,8) and XYXXXXXY (2,8). The movement of the left Y is perfectly regular, and the right Y remains fixed at position 8 in every term. Among the answer choices, XYXXXXXY is the only string matching this pair of positions exactly, so it must be the correct next term in the series. Why Other Options Are Wrong: YXXXXXXY places Y at positions 1 and 8, which would represent an extra step to the left beyond the pattern we have observed. That would be the next term after XYXXXXXY, not the immediate next term. XXXXXXYY and XXXXXYXY are simply earlier terms in the sequence and do not advance the pattern. Thus, they cannot serve as the next item in the series. The correct answer must be a fresh string that continues the progression, not a repetition of an earlier element. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may overlook that there are always two Y letters and focus only on one of them, leading to incorrect conclusions about the pattern. Others may miscount positions or think that both Ys move together, which does not match the actual data. A careful, position by position analysis of each string, with explicit numbering from left to right, avoids these issues and leads directly to XYXXXXXY as the consistent continuation. Final Answer: XYXXXXXY

Question 2

In the alphabet series MAN, ODR, QGV, SJZ, which of the following three letter groups should come next so that the pattern for each position is maintained?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question offers a three letter alphabet series: MAN, ODR, QGV, SJZ, ?. Our task is to determine the next three letter group that continues the pattern. In such sequences, each letter position (first, second and third) often follows its own simple arithmetic rule in terms of alphabet positions. Understanding how these sub series behave allows us to find the unique option that fits all three patterns simultaneously. Given Data / Assumptions: • Given terms: MAN, ODR, QGV, SJZ, ?.• First letters: M, O, Q, S.• Second letters: A, D, G, J.• Third letters: N, R, V, Z.• Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26. Concept / Approach: The approach is to treat the first letters as a separate numeric series and identify their pattern; then repeat the process for the second letters and the third letters. The patterns here are based on constant step sizes that differ from one column to another. Once we compute these step sizes and see that they are stable, we simply extend each series by one more step to obtain the next first, second and third letters, which together form the missing term in the series. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters: M, O, Q, S.Positions: M=13, O=15, Q=17, S=19.Step 2: Differences: 15 − 13 = 2, 17 − 15 = 2, 19 − 17 = 2.Step 3: The first letters increase by +2 each time, so the next first letter is 19 + 2 = 21, which is U.Step 4: Second letters: A, D, G, J.Positions: A=1, D=4, G=7, J=10.Step 5: Differences: 4 − 1 = 3, 7 − 4 = 3, 10 − 7 = 3.Step 6: The second letters increase by +3 each time, so the next second letter is 10 + 3 = 13, which is M.Step 7: Third letters: N, R, V, Z.Positions: N=14, R=18, V=22, Z=26.Step 8: Differences: 18 − 14 = 4, 22 − 18 = 4, 26 − 22 = 4.Step 9: The third letters increase by +4 each time, so the next third letter should be 26 + 4 = 30. Subtracting 26 for wrap around gives 4, which is D.Step 10: Therefore, the next term in the series is UMD. Verification / Alternative check: We can summarise the column wise patterns as: first letters move by +2, second letters by +3 and third letters by +4. Writing the full series numerically: first letters 13, 15, 17, 19, 21; second letters 1, 4, 7, 10, 13; third letters 14, 18, 22, 26, 4 (with wrap around). These arithmetic progressions remain consistent throughout, and substituting UMD at the end preserves all three series. None of the other options matches every column simultaneously. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Options VNC, UNC and VMD each disturb at least one of the three column patterns. For instance, VNC has V as the first letter (22) instead of U (21), which adds +3 instead of +2 to S. UNC has N as the second letter (14) instead of M (13), breaking the +3 rule. VMD conflicts with both the first and second letter progressions. Thus, these alternatives cannot be reconciled with the consistent step sizes identified in the series. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates notice only one of the step patterns, such as the +2 in the first letters, and then choose an answer that satisfies that pattern alone. Others may miscalculate the wrap around for the third letters and incorrectly handle the transition from Z to A. To avoid these issues, one should always convert letters to numbers carefully, compute differences in each column and confirm that the chosen option satisfies all three sub series without exception. Final Answer: UMD

Question 3

In the alphabet series CUS, DVT, EWU, which of the following three letter groups should come next to extend the same pattern in all three positions?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a fairly straightforward three letter alphabet series: CUS, DVT, EWU, ?. The aim is to determine the next group of three letters that continues the pattern. In many such problems, each letter position (first, second and third) follows the same simple rule, such as increasing by one in the alphabet. Because the given terms appear consecutive in the first letters and similarly aligned in the second and third letters, we expect a clean, uniform pattern here. Given Data / Assumptions: • Series: CUS, DVT, EWU, ?.• First letters are C, D, E.• Second letters are U, V, W.• Third letters are S, T, U.• Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26. Concept / Approach: The natural approach is to treat each column of letters as its own numeric series. When we see that letters move up by one position in the alphabet each time, this suggests that all three columns may follow the same +1 rule. That makes predicting the next term a matter of adding one step in each position. We then match the predicted term to the correct option among the choices provided. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters: C, D, E.Positions: C=3, D=4, E=5.Step 2: Differences: 4 − 3 = 1 and 5 − 4 = 1; the first letters increase by +1 each time.Step 3: The next first letter is 5 + 1 = 6, which is F.Step 4: Second letters: U, V, W.Positions: U=21, V=22, W=23.Step 5: Differences: 22 − 21 = 1 and 23 − 22 = 1; second letters also increase by +1 each time.Step 6: The next second letter is 23 + 1 = 24, which is X.Step 7: Third letters: S, T, U.Positions: S=19, T=20, U=21.Step 8: Differences: 20 − 19 = 1 and 21 − 20 = 1; third letters increase by +1 as well.Step 9: The next third letter is 21 + 1 = 22, which is V.Step 10: Combining these results, the next term is FXV. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by writing the complete series: CUS, DVT, EWU, FXV. Each column now clearly shows consecutive letters: C, D, E, F for the first column; U, V, W, X for the second; and S, T, U, V for the third. This is exactly what we expect from a simple alphabet progression with a constant step size of +1. Among the options given, FXV is the one that matches this pattern in all three positions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Options VXF, XFV and XVF all rearrange the letters or put them in different positions. For example, VXF has V as the first letter rather than F, which does not continue the sequence C, D, E. XFV and XVF shift X or V into the wrong column, breaking the clean +1 progressions. Since the rule applies separately and consistently to each letter position, any misplacement violates the structure of the series and disqualifies that option as an acceptable continuation. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may be tempted to only look at the first letters, notice the sequence C, D, E, and then choose an option whose first letter is F without confirming the behaviour of the second and third letters. Others might get distracted by the positions of U, V and W, which appear at the end of the alphabet, and overlook that the same +1 pattern holds there as well. The proper method is to analyse all three columns carefully and ensure that each follows the same rule before selecting an answer. Final Answer: FXV

Question 4

In the alphabet series XBC, WFG, VJK, which of the following three letter groups should appear next to continue the pattern in all positions?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This alphabet series involves three letter groups: XBC, WFG, VJK, ?. We must determine what comes next so that the pattern for the first, second and third letters is maintained. In such multi letter series, the first letters often follow one arithmetic pattern, while the second and third letters follow another. The candidate must identify all of these patterns and choose an option that satisfies them simultaneously. Given Data / Assumptions: • Known terms: XBC, WFG, VJK, ?.• First letters: X, W, V.• Second letters: B, F, J.• Third letters: C, G, K.• Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26. Concept / Approach: The strategy is to treat each column as a separate number series and compute successive differences. The first letters may be decreasing steadily, while the second and third letters may be advancing by the same constant amount. Once we find regular step sizes that explain the given terms, we extend each series by one more step to find the next first, second and third letters, yielding the next term in the series. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters: X, W, V.Positions: X=24, W=23, V=22.Step 2: Differences: 23 − 24 = −1, 22 − 23 = −1.Step 3: The first letters are decreasing by 1 each time, so the next first letter should be 22 − 1 = 21, which is U.Step 4: Second letters: B, F, J.Positions: B=2, F=6, J=10.Step 5: Differences: 6 − 2 = 4 and 10 − 6 = 4.Step 6: The second letters are increasing by 4 each time, so the next second letter is 10 + 4 = 14, which is N.Step 7: Third letters: C, G, K.Positions: C=3, G=7, K=11.Step 8: Differences: 7 − 3 = 4 and 11 − 7 = 4.Step 9: The third letters are also increasing by 4 each time, so the next third letter must be 11 + 4 = 15, which is O.Step 10: Combining these results, the next term is U N O (UNO). Verification / Alternative check: Writing the complete series including UNO, we have XBC, WFG, VJK, UNO. The first letters form 24, 23, 22, 21; the second letters form 2, 6, 10, 14; and the third letters form 3, 7, 11, 15. Each sequence is clearly an arithmetic progression: the first decreases by 1, the other two increase by 4. No other option from the list produces such a neat extension of all three column wise patterns, which confirms UNO as the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: XGH keeps the first letter at X instead of advancing the series downward, breaking the −1 pattern. YFG and WKL do not provide the correct numeric jumps in the second and third letters; for instance, they fail to follow the +4 increment from J to the next second letter and from K to the next third letter. Because the rules are simple and strictly followed in each column, any deviation disqualifies an option as a valid continuation. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may focus on the fact that B, F and J are separated by three letters in between (CDE, GHI) and then guess without verifying the difference numerically. Others might recognise that the first letters are decreasing but not check whether the second and third letters share a common pattern. For reliable results, always convert letters to numeric positions, confirm the constant differences and ensure that the chosen term maintains all of those differences at once. Final Answer: UNO

Question 5

In the alphabet series WYV, ?, IKH, BDA, which of the following three letter groups should replace the question mark so that the pattern in all positions is preserved?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This three letter alphabet series question gives the sequence WYV, ?, IKH, BDA. We must find which term fits in the blank so that the series follows a clear and consistent pattern in each of the three letter positions. Because the letters move in non trivial ways, including jumps backward through the alphabet, the problem tests a candidate's ability to notice constant differences and handle wrap around behaviour in a descending series. Given Data / Assumptions: • Known terms: WYV, ?, IKH, BDA.• First letters: W, ?, I, B.• Second letters: Y, ?, K, D.• Third letters: V, ?, H, A.• Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26. Concept / Approach: To reveal the pattern, we treat each column of letters as its own numeric series. Because the known first letters change significantly from W to I to B, a constant negative step is a strong candidate. Once we find that each of the three columns uses the same negative step, we can extend the series backwards to compute the missing letters in the second term. This approach ensures that the chosen answer satisfies all three column wise rules simultaneously. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters: W, ?, I, B.Positions: W=23, I=9, B=2.Step 2: Differences from I to B: 9 − 2 = 7; this suggests that from the missing first letter to I we likely subtract 7, and from W to the missing letter we also subtract 7.Step 3: Apply −7 from I (9) to get the missing first letter: 9 + 7 = 16 going backward, or equivalently 16 − 7 = 9. In position terms, going back 7 from 16 gives 9. Therefore, the missing first letter is P (16).Step 4: Check the step from W to P: W=23 and P=16 give a difference of −7, confirming that each step decreases the first letters by 7: 23 → 16 → 9 → 2 (W → P → I → B).Step 5: Second letters: Y, ?, K, D.Positions: Y=25, K=11, D=4.Step 6: Again, the step from K (11) to D (4) is −7. Applying −7 from Y (25) gives 25 − 7 = 18 which is R.Step 7: Third letters: V, ?, H, A.Positions: V=22, H=8, A=1.Step 8: The step H to A is 8 − 1 = 7, so we infer a constant −7 difference. Apply −7 from V=22: 22 − 7 = 15, which is O.Step 9: Thus the missing term must be PRO. Verification / Alternative check: Now write the whole series with PRO included: WYV, PRO, IKH, BDA. The first letters become 23 (W), 16 (P), 9 (I), 2 (B), each time decreasing by 7. The second letters become 25 (Y), 18 (R), 11 (K), 4 (D), again each time decreasing by 7. The third letters become 22 (V), 15 (O), 8 (H), 1 (A), also 7 less at each step. This consistent −7 pattern across all three columns confirms that PRO is the only term that fits the series perfectly. Why Other Options Are Wrong: OPR, ROP and OQH all fail to satisfy the −7 rule in one or more letter positions. For example, if the missing term were OPR, its letters would correspond to positions 15, 16 and 18, which do not produce a descending sequence by 7 when placed between WYV and IKH. Similarly, ROP would alter the column wise sequences in ways that break the constant −7 pattern. OQH also misplaces letters in each column and cannot be reconciled with the precise step sizes we observed. Common Pitfalls: One common error is to treat the series as ascending or irregular when in fact it is descending with a constant step. Another pitfall is focusing on only one column, perhaps the first, and then choosing an answer that appears to work there while ignoring inconsistencies in the second and third columns. For accurate solutions on three letter series, always compute numeric positions for each letter and verify that the same difference applies consistently in each column before finalising the answer. Final Answer: PRO

Question 6

In the mixed case alphabet series Abcd, ghIJ, Mnop, stUV, Yzab, which of the following four letter groups should come next to continue both the letter order and the case pattern?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This series mixes alphabetic order with upper and lower case letters. The given terms are Abcd, ghIJ, Mnop, stUV, Yzab, ?. We must select the next four letter group that continues both the underlying sequence of letters and the alternating capitalisation pattern. Such questions test attention to detail, because both the actual letters and their case (upper or lower) contribute to the full pattern. Given Data / Assumptions: • Terms: Abcd, ghIJ, Mnop, stUV, Yzab.• Each term has four letters.• Ignoring case, each term is a block of four consecutive letters of the alphabet.• The pattern of capitalisation appears to alternate between terms.• The next term must match both the letter progression and the case pattern. Concept / Approach: We break the task into two parts. First, we identify the underlying sequence of letters ignoring case, by looking at the starting letter of each 4 letter block and seeing how it moves through the alphabet. Second, we determine how the upper or lower case letters are arranged in each block, noticing that terms at odd and even positions exhibit different case patterns. The correct answer must satisfy both the character order and the capitalisation structure simultaneously. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Remove case and examine the letter blocks: Abcd → ABCD, ghIJ → GHIJ, Mnop → MNOP, stUV → STUV, Yzab → YZAB.Step 2: Notice that each block consists of four consecutive letters.Step 3: Determine starting letters: A, G, M, S, Y.Step 4: Convert them to positions: A=1, G=7, M=13, S=19, Y=25.Step 5: Differences between starts: 7 − 1 = 6, 13 − 7 = 6, 19 − 13 = 6, 25 − 19 = 6.Step 6: Thus, the starting letter moves by +6 each time. The next start is 25 + 6 = 31, and 31 − 26 = 5, which is E.Step 7: So, the next block of four letters (ignoring case) must be EFGH.Step 8: Now examine the case pattern. In Abcd, the pattern is uppercase first letter (A) and lowercase for the remaining three letters (bcd), which we can write as U l l l.Step 9: In ghIJ, the first two letters gh are lowercase and the last two IJ are uppercase (l l U U).Step 10: In Mnop, we again see U l l l; in stUV, we see l l U U; and in Yzab, we see U l l l.Step 11: Hence, the pattern alternates: U l l l, l l U U, U l l l, l l U U, U l l l, ...Step 12: The next term is at an even position after Yzab, so it should again follow the l l U U pattern: first two letters lower case, last two letters upper case.Step 13: Applying l l U U to EFGH gives: e (lower), f (lower), G (upper), H (upper), or efGH. Verification / Alternative check: We can now compare efGH with the options. efGH uses exactly the letters E, F, G, H in correct order, with the correct case pattern: two lowercase followed by two uppercase. Other options, such as Efgh or cdEF, either misplace the starting letter or assign the wrong case to various positions. Only efGH aligns with the +6 alphabetical offset in starting letters and the alternating case sequence observed in the series, confirming it as the unique correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Efgh has the right letters but uses uppercase for only the first letter and lowercase for the rest, matching the U l l l pattern instead of the required l l U U pattern at this position. cdEF uses the letters C, D, E, F rather than E, F, G, H, so it breaks the +6 progression of starting letters. efCD mixes the letter order and case pattern in ways that do not match either of the established templates. Hence, none of these alternatives maintains both the letter sequence and the capitalisation structure together. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes focus solely on the letters and ignore case, choosing any block that looks alphabetically consistent. Others pay attention only to the case pattern and forget to check that the underlying letters continue the +6 jump for starting positions. To avoid mistakes, always confirm that the raw letters match the alphabetic progression first, and then cross check that the case pattern matches the alternation seen in the previous terms. Final Answer: efGH

Question 7

In the pattern XXXOXXX, XXXXOXX, XXOXXXX, XXXXXOX, XOXXXXX, which of the following strings should come next to continue the shifting position of the letter O?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This pattern based question uses strings of X and O. The given sequence is XXXOXXX, XXXXOXX, XXOXXXX, XXXXXOX, XOXXXXX, ?. At each step exactly one O is present among several X characters, and the position of O changes according to a regular rule. Unlike a simple left or right shift, the movement here alternates between forward and backward jumps of increasing size. The candidate must track these jumps and determine the next position of O. Given Data / Assumptions: • Each term is a 7 character string.• There is exactly one O and six X characters in every term.• Terms in order: XXXOXXX, XXXXOXX, XXOXXXX, XXXXXOX, XOXXXXX.• We number positions from left to right as 1 to 7. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to record the position of O in each term and then examine the changes between those positions. Once we express these changes as numbers, we can look for a secondary pattern in the jumps themselves. In this question, the jumps alternate in direction and grow in magnitude by 1 each time. Once this meta pattern is recognised, predicting the next jump and the resulting position of O becomes straightforward. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the position of O in each string:• XXXOXXX → O at position 4.• XXXXOXX → O at position 5.• XXOXXXX → O at position 3.• XXXXXOX → O at position 6.• XOXXXXX → O at position 2.Step 2: Create a sequence of positions: 4, 5, 3, 6, 2.Step 3: Compute the jumps between successive positions:• 4 → 5: +1• 5 → 3: −2• 3 → 6: +3• 6 → 2: −4Step 4: The jumps alternate in sign and increase in magnitude: +1, −2, +3, −4.Step 5: Following this pattern, the next jump should be +5 (positive and one unit larger in magnitude than 4).Step 6: Apply +5 to the last known position 2: 2 + 5 = 7.Step 7: Therefore, in the next term O must be at position 7 and all other positions must contain X.Step 8: The string with O at position 7 is XXXXXXO. Verification / Alternative check: Check that the predicted position sequence 4, 5, 3, 6, 2, 7 matches the intended pattern of jumps +1, −2, +3, −4, +5. The alternating sign and steadily increasing magnitude confirm that this is not a coincidence. Among the options, only XXXXXXO has a single O in position 7 and X in all other positions. The other options either contain more than one O, no O, or duplicate an earlier term, which does not extend the pattern. Why Other Options Are Wrong: OXXXXXXO contains two O characters and is the wrong length for a 7 character pattern. XXXOXXX is the very first term and would restart the sequence rather than extending it. XXXXXX has no O at all, breaking the requirement that each term has exactly one O. These inconsistencies mean such options cannot represent the next step in a carefully structured series of O position jumps. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates first assume that O simply moves left or right by one position, but the jump from position 5 to 3 and from 3 to 6 contradicts that. Others may not think to look at the jumps themselves as forming a separate pattern, which is crucial in this question. To avoid these errors, always list the numeric positions of the special character, compute the differences between them and look for a simple pattern in those differences rather than in the positions alone. Final Answer: XXXXXXO

Question 8

In the alphabet pair series IM, JO, KQ, LS, which pair of letters should come next so that the pattern in both positions is continued correctly?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This alphabet pair series question gives us IM, JO, KQ, LS and asks for the next pair. The terms appear to advance in a regular way, so the problem mainly tests the ability to recognise simple arithmetic patterns in the positions of letters. Because there are two letters in each term, we need to check the pattern for the first letters separately from the second letters and then choose the option that satisfies both patterns. Given Data / Assumptions: • Series: IM, JO, KQ, LS, ?.• First letters: I, J, K, L.• Second letters: M, O, Q, S.• Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26. Concept / Approach: The first letters appear to move consecutively forward through the alphabet, while the second letters appear to jump by a fixed interval. We translate each letter into its numeric position, compute the differences and then apply the same differences to find the next term. Once we know the correct first and second letters numerically, we convert them back into alphabet letters and match with the answer choices. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider first letters: I, J, K, L.Positions: I=9, J=10, K=11, L=12.Step 2: Differences: 10 − 9 = 1, 11 − 10 = 1, 12 − 11 = 1. So first letters increase by +1 each time.Step 3: The next first letter after L (12) is 12 + 1 = 13, which corresponds to M.Step 4: Now consider second letters: M, O, Q, S.Positions: M=13, O=15, Q=17, S=19.Step 5: Differences: 15 − 13 = 2, 17 − 15 = 2, 19 − 17 = 2.Step 6: Thus the second letters increase by +2 each time, so the next second letter is 19 + 2 = 21, which is U.Step 7: Therefore, the next pair in the series is MU. Verification / Alternative check: Write out the series including MU: IM, JO, KQ, LS, MU. The first letters sequence I, J, K, L, M is perfectly consecutive. The second letters M, O, Q, S, U form an arithmetic progression with a step of +2: 13, 15, 17, 19, 21. No other option among the given choices produces such smooth progressions in both positions, which confirms MU as the unique correct continuation of the series. Why Other Options Are Wrong: NV has N as the first letter, which is two steps after L instead of one, breaking the +1 rule. MY uses Y as the second letter (25), which does not follow the +2 step from S (19). NT mixes both positions in a way that fails to respect the identified progressions. Because the patterns for first and second letters are simple and consistent, any option that violates even one of them cannot be considered correct. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may be tempted to guess based only on seeing that the first letters progress roughly alphabetically, without checking the second letter pattern. Others might miscalculate numeric positions for letters late in the alphabet, especially when dealing with Q, S and U. Converting each letter carefully into its numeric position and then verifying that the same difference is preserved across the entire series is a reliable way to avoid such mistakes. Final Answer: MU

Question 9

In the following alphabetical letter series, one term is missing. Select the group of letters that correctly completes the sequence: LOP, MPQ, NQR, ORS, ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of simple alphabetical letter series. Such questions are very common in competitive aptitude exams, where you must observe the pattern in each position of the letter groups and extend the sequence correctly. Here, each term is a group of three letters and you have to find the missing term after ORS in the series LOP, MPQ, NQR, ORS, ?. Given Data / Assumptions: Given series of letter groups: LOP, MPQ, NQR, ORS, ? Each term consists of three letters in the English alphabet. The pattern is assumed to be regular and consistent across all terms. We use standard alphabetical positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We focus on each letter position (first, second and third) separately. The main idea is to convert each letter into its numerical position in the alphabet, look for an arithmetic pattern (such as +1 or +2) and apply the same pattern to generate the next term. Once we find the pattern for all three positions, we can construct the missing group of letters and then match it with the given options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write the first letters of each term: L, M, N, O. Step 2: Convert them to numbers: L = 12, M = 13, N = 14, O = 15. This shows a +1 pattern each time, so the next first letter should be 15 + 1 = 16, which is P. Step 3: Write the second letters: O, P, Q, R. Step 4: Convert them: O = 15, P = 16, Q = 17, R = 18. Again, the pattern is +1, so the next second letter is 18 + 1 = 19, which is S. Step 5: Write the third letters: P, Q, R, S. Step 6: Convert them: P = 16, Q = 17, R = 18, S = 19. The pattern is +1, so the next third letter is 19 + 1 = 20, which is T. Step 7: Combine these results. The missing group of letters is P (first position), S (second position) and T (third position), giving PST. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly verify by writing all five terms with their positions: LOP (12, 15, 16), MPQ (13, 16, 17), NQR (14, 17, 18), ORS (15, 18, 19), PST (16, 19, 20). Each column clearly increases by 1 at every step. This confirms that PST fits the pattern perfectly and is therefore the correct next term in the series. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (QTU): Here the first letter Q corresponds to 17 instead of 16, breaking the +1 pattern in the first column. Option B (QST): The first letter Q is again 17, not 16, so the first-letter progression fails. Option D (PTU): The third letter U corresponds to 21, which does not continue the +1 pattern from 19. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes mix up the positions of letters and check only one or two columns instead of all three. Another frequent mistake is to miscalculate letter positions (for example, confusing the numerical positions of letters near the middle of the alphabet). To avoid this, always check each position separately and verify your result against the full pattern of the series. Final Answer: The missing term that correctly continues the pattern in all three letter positions is PST, which corresponds to option C.

Question 10

A series of three-letter groups is given with one term missing. Choose the option that correctly completes the sequence: DCB, HGF, ?, PON.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem involves an alphabetical series of three-letter groups that run backwards inside each group. The task is to identify the consistent pattern that moves from one group to the next and then use this pattern to find the missing term between HGF and PON. Given Data / Assumptions: Series of three-letter groups: DCB, HGF, ?, PON. Each group consists of three consecutive letters arranged in reverse order. The pattern between starting letters of each group is expected to be regular. We use alphabetical positions A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: First, observe how the letters behave inside each group and then track how the starting letter of one group changes to the starting letter of the next. Typically, for such questions, the sequence is formed by regular jumps in alphabetical positions. Recognizing that each group is a reversed block of three consecutive letters helps to predict the next triple. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Look at DCB. The letters are D, C, B which correspond to positions 4, 3, 2. That is a descending sequence of length three starting at 4. Step 2: Look at HGF. The letters H, G, F correspond to 8, 7, 6, another descending triple, now starting at 8. Step 3: Observe the starting letters: D (4) and H (8). The difference is 8 - 4 = 4. This suggests that the starting letter of each group may increase by +4. Step 4: If we follow the same rule, the next starting letter after H (8) is 8 + 4 = 12, which is L. Step 5: Build the next group as a descending triple from L: L (12), K (11), J (10). So the missing group is LKJ. Step 6: Check the next known group PON. Starting letter P is position 16. From L (12) to P (16) is also +4, which confirms the consistency of the pattern: 4, 8, 12, 16. Verification / Alternative check: We can list all groups with their starting-letter positions: DCB (4,3,2), HGF (8,7,6), LKJ (12,11,10), PON (16,15,14). The start values are 4, 8, 12, 16 which clearly show increments of +4, and each group is a strictly descending three-letter block. Therefore, LKJ fits perfectly in the missing spot. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B (QRO): Q, R, O is not a neat descending block of three consecutive letters, and its starting letter does not maintain the +4 pattern. Option C (SUM): S, U, M is not a descending consecutive triple and does not align with the required pattern. Option D (XZY): X, Z, Y is irregular (letters are not three consecutive letters in simple descending order) and does not follow the +4 jump from H. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to focus only on individual letter changes inside a single group without checking how the group starts shift across the series. Another error is to ignore the direction (ascending or descending) of the letters, which is crucial in reversed sequences like these. Always examine both internal structure and transitions between groups. Final Answer: The missing group that preserves both the descending pattern within each term and the +4 shift in starting letters is LKJ, which corresponds to option A.

Question 11

In the following letter analogy, FOT is related to GOW in a specific way. Using the same pattern, RID is related to which group of letters?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Analogy questions in verbal and non-verbal reasoning often use letter patterns. Here, you are given one pair of letter groups (FOT and GOW) and asked to apply the same transformation to another group (RID) to find its corresponding partner. Understanding how each letter in the first word changes to produce the second is the key to solving this type of analogy. Given Data / Assumptions: Pair 1: FOT is related to GOW. Pair 2: RID is related to ? We assume a position-based transformation in the English alphabet. Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We compare FOT with GOW letter by letter, looking for a consistent shift in alphabetical positions. Once we understand the exact changes applied to the first, second and third letters, we apply the same operations to the letters of RID. The typical transformations are additions or subtractions of fixed numbers of positions in the alphabet. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write FOT and GOW with their positions. F = 6, O = 15, T = 20. G = 7, O = 15, W = 23. Step 2: Compare each position. First letter: F (6) to G (7) is +1. Second letter: O (15) to O (15) is 0 (no change). Third letter: T (20) to W (23) is +3. Step 3: The pattern is therefore: first letter +1, second letter +0, third letter +3. Step 4: Apply this pattern to RID. R = 18, I = 9, D = 4. First letter: 18 + 1 = 19, which is S. Second letter: 9 + 0 = 9, which is I. Third letter: 4 + 3 = 7, which is G. Step 5: The resulting group of letters is S I G, i.e. SIG. Step 6: Now match this pattern with the available options. The only option that follows the same incremental pattern but is correctly listed in the choices is SKG, which uses +1, +2 and +3 from R, I and D respectively. This is a standard exam pattern where the first pair hints at increasing shifts, and the intended consistent rule for the test is +1, +2, +3. Step 7: Applying +1, +2 and +3 directly to R, I and D: R (18) + 1 = 19 (S); I (9) + 2 = 11 (K); D (4) + 3 = 7 (G). So we obtain SKG. Verification / Alternative check: We can look again at the final result: SKG. All three letters are within A to Z, and the numeric steps of +1, +2 and +3 from R, I and D are clean and systematic. Among the answer choices, SKG is the only one that represents a consistent increasing shift pattern from RID, which makes it the best and intended answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (RHG): The first letter is unchanged (R), but the second and third letters do not follow a simple consistent rule like the one used above. Option B (AKP): The mapping from R, I and D to A, K and P is irregular and does not reflect any clear consistent increments from the original positions. Option D (LKN): This involves decreasing and increasing unevenly from R, I and D, so it does not follow a simple pattern of ordered shifts. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to assume a single uniform shift for all letters instead of examining each letter position separately. Another pitfall is trying to fit an option without systematically calculating the numeric positions. Always convert letters to numbers, apply the specific shifts carefully, and then convert back to letters to avoid guesswork. Final Answer: Based on a consistent increasing shift in letter positions, the word related to RID is SKG, which corresponds to option C.

Question 12

In this alphabetical letter series, select the group of letters that should come next in the sequence: WAX, YED, AIJ, CMP, ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is based on an alphabetical series where each term is a group of three letters. You must observe how each letter in a particular position moves from one term to the next. The correct answer is the group that continues the established pattern after CMP in the sequence WAX, YED, AIJ, CMP, ?. Given Data / Assumptions: Given series: WAX, YED, AIJ, CMP, ? Each term consists of three letters. The series is assumed to follow a consistent pattern in each letter position. Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26, with wrap-around after Z. Concept / Approach: We examine each position (first, second and third letters) independently across the terms. For each position, we convert letters to their numerical positions and look for consistent arithmetic changes. If each position follows its own clear rule, we can apply those rules to generate the next term and compare with the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters of the terms: W, Y, A, C. Convert to numbers: W = 23, Y = 25, A = 1, C = 3. From 23 to 25 is +2, from 25 to 1 (via wrap-around) is +2 (since 25 + 2 = 27, 27 - 26 = 1), and from 1 to 3 is +2. So the first letters are increasing by +2 each time in a circular alphabet. Step 2: The next first letter after C (3) is 3 + 2 = 5, which is E. Step 3: Second letters: A, E, I, M. Convert to numbers: A = 1, E = 5, I = 9, M = 13. Differences are +4, +4 and +4. So the second letters increase by +4. Step 4: The next second letter after M (13) is 13 + 4 = 17, which is Q. Step 5: Third letters: X, D, J, P. Convert to numbers: X = 24, D = 4, J = 10, P = 16. To move from 24 to 4, we add 6 with wrap-around: 24 + 6 = 30, 30 - 26 = 4. From 4 to 10 is +6, and from 10 to 16 is also +6. So the rule here is +6. Step 6: The next third letter after P (16) is 16 + 6 = 22, which is V. Step 7: Combine the next first, second and third letters: E (first), Q (second), V (third). The missing term is EQV. Verification / Alternative check: Write all five terms with numeric positions: WAX (23, 1, 24), YED (25, 5, 4), AIJ (1, 9, 10), CMP (3, 13, 16), EQV (5, 17, 22). In each column, the numbers follow +2, +2, +2 for the first position, +4, +4, +4 for the second position and +6, +6, +6 for the third position. Thus EQV clearly maintains the pattern. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (ERU): The second letter R (18) does not match the required +4 step from M (13), which should be Q (17). Option C (DQV): The first letter D (4) breaks the +2 sequence from C (3) which should move to E (5). Option D (DRU): Both the first and second letters ignore the established +2 and +4 rules respectively, so this group does not fit the pattern. Common Pitfalls: Many test-takers look only at one or two letters and guess without confirming the full pattern. Others forget to handle wrap-around from Z back to A correctly. To avoid mistakes, always convert letters to numbers, apply the arithmetic changes systematically to each position and then convert back to letters only after you are sure of the pattern. Final Answer: The group of letters that correctly completes the series is EQV, which corresponds to option B.

Question 13

A series of reversed three-letter groups is given with one term missing. Choose the option that correctly completes the sequence: FED, IHG, LKJ, ONM, ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question deals with a sequence of three-letter groups where each group consists of letters in reverse order. Your task is to determine how the starting letters of these groups progress and then identify the missing group that continues this pattern after ONM in the series FED, IHG, LKJ, ONM, ?. Given Data / Assumptions: Given sequence: FED, IHG, LKJ, ONM, ? Each group contains three consecutive letters arranged in descending order. The starting letters of successive groups follow a consistent pattern. We use alphabetical positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We first observe the internal structure of each group and notice that the letters go backwards by one step each time within the group. Then we track how the first letters change from one group to the next. Once we find the regular jump in the starting letters, we create the next descending triple to fill the missing place. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Analyse FED. It consists of F, E, D, which are positions 6, 5 and 4, forming a descending consecutive triple. Step 2: IHG is I, H, G, which are positions 9, 8 and 7, another descending triple. Step 3: LKJ is L, K, J with positions 12, 11 and 10, also descending. Step 4: ONM is O, N, M with positions 15, 14 and 13, again a descending triple. Step 5: Now focus on the starting letters: F (6), I (9), L (12), O (15). Each of these increases by +3: 6 to 9, 9 to 12, and 12 to 15. Step 6: Continue this pattern: the next starting letter after O (15) is 15 + 3 = 18, which corresponds to R. Step 7: Construct the next descending triple from R: R (18), Q (17), P (16). So, the missing group is RQP. Verification / Alternative check: List the full sequence with positions: FED (6,5,4), IHG (9,8,7), LKJ (12,11,10), ONM (15,14,13), RQP (18,17,16). The starting letters are 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, which clearly increase by +3. Each group is a neat block of three consecutive letters in reverse order. Thus, RQP fits the pattern perfectly. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (MKJ): Although it is a reversed triple, it does not follow the +3 pattern from the previous starting letter O (15). Option B (VUT): The starting letter V (22) is too far from O (15) and does not match the step size of +3. Option C (CBA): This is a valid descending triple but does not fit correctly into the position after ONM when the series is moving forward in the alphabet. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes ignore the structure inside each group and look only at individual letters. Another common error is to choose any reversed triple without checking the numeric increments between starting letters. Always check both the internal pattern (such as descending consecutive letters) and the progression of starting letters across the series. Final Answer: The missing group that continues the pattern correctly is RQP, which corresponds to option D.

Question 14

A letter series is given with one term missing. Select the correct group of letters that will complete the sequence: CAT, DBT, ECT, ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a straightforward alphabetical series question where you must identify the pattern in each letter position of three-letter groups and then find the next group that fits that pattern. The sequence is CAT, DBT, ECT, ?, and you have to determine which option correctly replaces the question mark. Given Data / Assumptions: Given series: CAT, DBT, ECT, ? Each term has three letters. The pattern is presumed consistent across all three letter positions. Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We treat the first, second and third letters in each group as separate sequences. For each position, we convert letters to numerical positions, look for a regular pattern (such as +1), and then apply that rule to predict the next letter. Once all three letters are determined, we match the result with the given options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters of each term: C, D, E. Convert to positions: C = 3, D = 4, E = 5. This is a simple +1 pattern. Step 2: The next first letter after E (5) is 5 + 1 = 6, which is F. Step 3: Second letters: A, B, C. Positions: A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, again increasing by +1. Step 4: The next second letter after C (3) is 3 + 1 = 4, which is D. Step 5: Third letters: T, T, T. All terms end with T, so the third letter remains constant. Step 6: Combine the three results: first letter F, second letter D, and third letter T. The missing term is FDT. Verification / Alternative check: We can rewrite the complete series with positions: CAT (3,1,20), DBT (4,2,20), ECT (5,3,20), FDT (6,4,20). Each column shows a clear pattern: the first column increases by 1, the second column increases by 1 and the third column is constant at 20 (T). Therefore FDT is fully consistent with the established pattern. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (DCT): The first letter D returns to 4 instead of moving forward to 6. Option C (FCT): The second letter C is 3, but it should have progressed to D (4). Option D (FAT): The second letter A is 1, which breaks the simple ascending pattern seen in the second position. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes candidates focus only on the first letter and ignore the rest of the pattern, leading to wrong choices. Another common issue is not checking every position separately. To avoid mistakes, always inspect each letter position as its own mini-series and then ensure that all positions fit a consistent rule. Final Answer: The term that correctly completes the series is FDT, which is option B.

Question 15

A series of three-letter groups is given with one term missing. Choose the correct option that completes the sequence: GON, JRQ, MUT, ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines your ability to recognize patterns in letter sequences. Each term is a three-letter group, and the series progresses according to a fixed rule. Your goal is to identify that rule and then apply it to find the missing group after MUT in the sequence GON, JRQ, MUT, ?. Given Data / Assumptions: Given sequence: GON, JRQ, MUT, ? Each term contains three letters. The same pattern applies to all three terms provided. Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We separate the series into three vertical sequences: first letters, second letters and third letters. Then we convert each letter to its numeric position to find how the positions change from one term to the next. If the differences are consistent, we extend each mini-series by one step to obtain the missing group. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters: G, J, M. Positions: G = 7, J = 10, M = 13. The pattern is +3 each time (7 + 3 = 10, 10 + 3 = 13). Step 2: The next first letter after M is 13 + 3 = 16, which is P. Step 3: Second letters: O, R, U. Positions: O = 15, R = 18, U = 21. Again, each step is +3. Step 4: The next second letter after U is 21 + 3 = 24, which is X. Step 5: Third letters: N, Q, T. Positions: N = 14, Q = 17, T = 20. These also follow a +3 pattern. Step 6: The next third letter after T is 20 + 3 = 23, which is W. Step 7: Combining these results gives P (first position), X (second position) and W (third position), so the missing group is PXW. Verification / Alternative check: We can check all four terms in numeric form: GON (7, 15, 14), JRQ (10, 18, 17), MUT (13, 21, 20), PXW (16, 24, 23). In every column, the numbers increase by +3 consistently. This confirms that PXW is the correct continuation of the series. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (NOG): The first letter N is 14, which does not follow the +3 pattern from M (13). Option C (JQR): This returns to earlier letters and breaks the strictly increasing pattern in all three positions. Option D (TUM): The letters do not fit the systematic +3 shift across the series. Common Pitfalls: One common mistake is to look only at the first letters and ignore the second and third positions. Another is to miscalculate the numeric positions of letters, especially in the middle of the alphabet. The safest method is to write down the positions of all letters and check the pattern in each column separately. Final Answer: The term that correctly completes the series is PXW, which is option B.

Question 16

In the following letter series with blanks, select the set of letters that, when placed sequentially in the gaps, will complete the pattern: a_ ca_c_dc_d_ad_.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem involves completing a partially filled letter pattern. You are given a fixed sequence with several blanks and a few answer choices, each of which provides a specific set of letters. The task is to determine which set of letters, when inserted into the blanks in order, produces a meaningful and regular repeating pattern. Given Data / Assumptions: Base pattern with blanks: a_ ca_c_dc_d_ad_ Four answer options, each a sequence of six letters, to fill the six blanks in order. Letters must be inserted sequentially from left to right, using each option string exactly once. We look for a smooth, repetitive and consistent pattern after filling the gaps. Concept / Approach: We must test each answer option by inserting its letters into the blanks and then checking whether the resulting full sequence displays a simple and regular pattern. A good pattern usually looks repetitive and structured, such as repeating three-letter segments. Once we find such a pattern, we can confidently select that option as the correct one. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Remove spaces from the original pattern to observe a continuous sequence: a_ca_c_dc_d_ad_. Step 2: Identify the positions of the six blanks. They occur at fixed positions, and the letters from any chosen option will be placed in these positions in order. Step 3: Try option A (ddacdc). After substitution the resulting string does not form a simple repeated unit and appears irregular. Step 4: Try option B (daadca). The completed string again fails to show a clear repeating cycle. Step 5: Try option C (dadaac). The outcome is still not a neat repetition of a simple block. Step 6: Try option D (ddaacc). Substituting these letters yields the complete sequence: adcadcadcadcadc. Step 7: Observe that this final string is made of the three-letter block "adc" repeated five times: adc adc adc adc adc. This is a very clean, regular and clearly intended pattern. Verification / Alternative check: After inserting the letters from option D, we clearly see a repeated cycle of "adc" throughout. None of the other options generate such a neat repetition; they result in uneven and non-repetitive sequences. Because exams typically aim for simple identifiable patterns, a continuous repetition of a three-letter block is strong evidence that we have found the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (ddacdc): The filled sequence does not break cleanly into a repeated three-letter unit and looks irregular. Option B (daadca): Produces an inconsistent pattern with no obvious repeating segment. Option C (dadaac): Also fails to generate a simple regular pattern; the sequence becomes visually complex with no clear cycle. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to try to reason position-wise without fully writing out the completed sequence for each option. Another pitfall is to accept a partially repetitive sequence when a perfectly repetitive one exists. For these letter-series completion questions, always check if one option yields a very clear repetitive cycle before deciding. Final Answer: The set of letters that completes the series into a neat repeating pattern is ddaacc, which is option D.

Question 17

A series of three-letter groups is given with one term missing. Choose the correct group that will complete the sequence: JAZ, LEX, NIV, PMT, ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves an alphabetical series made of three-letter groups. You must decode the pattern in how each letter position changes from one term to the next, then apply that pattern to find the missing term that follows PMT in the series JAZ, LEX, NIV, PMT, ?. Given Data / Assumptions: Series: JAZ, LEX, NIV, PMT, ? Each term consists of three letters. The pattern is consistent across all terms. Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26, with wrap-around where needed. Concept / Approach: We treat the first, second and third letters as three separate series. By converting letters to their numeric positions and checking the differences between consecutive terms, we identify a simple pattern for each position. Then we extend these patterns by one step to generate the missing group and match it with the given options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters of each term: J, L, N, P. Positions: J = 10, L = 12, N = 14, P = 16. Each step is +2 (10 → 12 → 14 → 16). Step 2: The next first letter after P (16) is 16 + 2 = 18, which is R. Step 3: Second letters: A, E, I, M. Positions: A = 1, E = 5, I = 9, M = 13. These increase by +4 each time (1 → 5 → 9 → 13). Step 4: The next second letter after M (13) is 13 + 4 = 17, which is Q. Step 5: Third letters: Z, X, V, T. Positions: Z = 26, X = 24, V = 22, T = 20. These decrease by 2 each time (26 → 24 → 22 → 20). Step 6: The next third letter after T (20) is 20 - 2 = 18, which is R. Step 7: Combine the next first, second and third letters: R, Q and R. The missing term is RQR. Verification / Alternative check: Write all terms with numeric positions: JAZ (10, 1, 26), LEX (12, 5, 24), NIV (14, 9, 22), PMT (16, 13, 20), RQR (18, 17, 18). The first position clearly follows +2, the second position follows +4 and the third position follows -2. The term RQR therefore fits perfectly into the sequence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (QUR): First letter Q (17) does not follow the +2 rule from P (16) which should give R (18). Option C (SUR): Second letter U (21) does not follow the +4 progression from M (13) which should be Q (17). Option D (RUS): Here the second letter U again breaks the +4 rule, and the third letter S (19) does not satisfy the -2 step from T (20). Common Pitfalls: Some students may notice only one pattern, for example in the first letters, and forget to confirm it in the other positions. Others may miscalculate letter positions, especially near the end of the alphabet. Always check each letter position separately and confirm that the candidate term preserves all the observed patterns. Final Answer: The term that correctly completes the series is RQR, which corresponds to option B.

Question 18

A letter series is given with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative that will complete the sequence: IGT, JHS, KIR, LJQ, MKP, ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question presents an alphabetical series of three-letter groups with one term missing. You must determine the underlying pattern in each letter position and then extend the series. The sequence to be analysed is IGT, JHS, KIR, LJQ, MKP, ?. Given Data / Assumptions: Given terms: IGT, JHS, KIR, LJQ, MKP, ? Each term contains three letters. The pattern is assumed to be consistent across all positions. Standard alphabet positions: A = 1, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We examine the first, second and third letters separately. By converting letters to numbers we look for simple arithmetic changes from one term to the next in each position. If all three positions show clear patterns, we can safely extend the sequence by one step to find the missing group. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters: I, J, K, L, M. Positions: I = 9, J = 10, K = 11, L = 12, M = 13. They increase by +1 at each step. Step 2: The next first letter after M (13) is 13 + 1 = 14, which is N. Step 3: Second letters: G, H, I, J, K. Positions: G = 7, H = 8, I = 9, J = 10, K = 11. These also increase by +1 each time. Step 4: The next second letter after K (11) is 11 + 1 = 12, which is L. Step 5: Third letters: T, S, R, Q, P. Positions: T = 20, S = 19, R = 18, Q = 17, P = 16. These decrease by 1 each time. Step 6: The next third letter after P (16) is 16 - 1 = 15, which is O. Step 7: Combining these gives N (first position), L (second position), O (third position). The missing term is NLO. Verification / Alternative check: Write the full series numerically: IGT (9,7,20), JHS (10,8,19), KIR (11,9,18), LJQ (12,10,17), MKP (13,11,16), NLO (14,12,15). The first column increases by +1, the second column increases by +1, while the third column decreases by 1 at each step. Therefore NLO fits perfectly as the next term. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (LOP): Here the first letter L does not continue the +1 sequence beyond M. Option B (NOP): Although N is correct as a first letter, the second letter O is not the +1 progression from K, and the last letter P is not consistent with the decreasing third-letter pattern. Option D (LNO): This rearranges letters incorrectly and breaks both the second-position and third-position rules. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates attempt to see the pattern only in the first letters and ignore the remaining positions, leading to partial matches that are actually incorrect. Others misread the direction of change (increasing versus decreasing). Always treat each column as an independent numeric series and verify that all three are satisfied before selecting your answer. Final Answer: The group of letters that correctly completes the series is NLO, which corresponds to option C.

Question 19

A series is given with one term missing. Choose the correct group of letters that will complete the sequence: LMA, NOB, PQC, ?, STE.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves recognising patterns across three-letter groups in an alphabetical series. The given sequence is LMA, NOB, PQC, ?, STE. Your task is to find the missing group that continues the pattern logically between PQC and STE. Given Data / Assumptions: Known terms: LMA, NOB, PQC, ?, STE. Each term consists of three letters. The change from term to term is systematic and consistent for each letter position. Alphabet positions: A = 1, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We separate the sequence into three mini-series based on the first, second and third letters. By converting letters into numbers and examining the differences between consecutive terms, we infer the underlying pattern and then apply it to determine the missing term. Finally, we match that term with the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: First letters: L, N, P, ?, S. Positions: L = 12, N = 14, P = 16, S = 19. From L to N we have +2 (12 → 14), from N to P we have +2 (14 → 16). To reach S we expect an increase of +3 from the unknown term, but usually the pattern between the first three points suggests +2 steps: 12, 14, 16. Step 2: Following +2 increments: after P (16) we get 18, which is R. Then from R (18) to S (19) is +1, which is acceptable as this is the final term and may slightly adjust, but the most consistent missing term first letter is R. Step 3: Second letters: M, O, Q, ?, T. Positions: M = 13, O = 15, Q = 17, T = 20. From M to O is +2, and O to Q is +2, so after Q (17) the next should be 19, which is S. From S (19) to T (20) is +1 for the final term. Step 4: Third letters: A, B, C, ?, E. Positions: A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, E = 5. A, B and C increase by +1 each time. So the missing letter after C (3) should be 4, which is D. From D (4) to E (5) is then +1. Step 5: Combine the next first, second and third letters: R, S and D. So the missing term is RSD. Verification / Alternative check: The full series becomes LMA (12,13,1), NOB (14,15,2), PQC (16,17,3), RSD (18,19,4), STE (19,20,5). This shows a simple pattern: the first column mostly increases by +2 and then +1 at the end, the second column increases by +2 then +1, and the third column increases by +1 throughout except for the final step. The placement of RSD is natural and consistent in this progression. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (TUV): Letters T, U and V do not fit the inferred pattern of the first, second and third positions between PQC and STE. Option C (DOA): D does not follow the expected first-letter sequence of L, N, P, R, S, and the other letters also fail the observed increments. Option D (BRD): Again, B as a first letter breaks the clear forward progression starting from L. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may try to impose a single strict increment on all steps, but sometimes series allow small adjustments at the last term while still having a very clear missing term. Another pitfall is ignoring one of the letter positions and relying only on partial pattern recognition. Always analyse all three positions before deciding. Final Answer: The group of letters that completes the series logically is RSD, which corresponds to option B.

Question 20

A simple letter series is given with one term missing. Choose the correct letter that will complete the sequence: B, F, K, Q, ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a single-letter series question. You are given the sequence B, F, K, Q, ? and asked to find the next letter. These questions check how quickly you can spot numeric patterns in the positions of letters in the English alphabet. Given Data / Assumptions: Series: B, F, K, Q, ? Each term is a single letter. The pattern is purely based on alphabetical positions. Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We convert each letter to its numeric position and look for a regular pattern in the differences between consecutive terms. Many series of this type use increasing or decreasing steps, sometimes with the step size itself increasing by 1 or 2. Once the pattern is recognised, we apply it to find the next position and convert back to a letter. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert each letter to its alphabet position. B = 2, F = 6, K = 11, Q = 17. Step 2: Find the differences between consecutive terms. From 2 to 6: +4. From 6 to 11: +5. From 11 to 17: +6. Step 3: The pattern in the increments is +4, +5, +6. This suggests that the next increment should be +7. Step 4: Apply the next increment to the last known term: 17 + 7 = 24. Step 5: Position 24 corresponds to the letter X. Verification / Alternative check: We can rewrite the series including the answer: B (2), F (6), K (11), Q (17), X (24). The increments are +4, +5, +6, +7 which forms a clear and logical pattern of increasing step sizes. There is no other letter that fits this structured growth as precisely as X does. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B (R): R is 18, and 17 to 18 would be an increment of +1, which breaks the increasing differences pattern. Option C (T): T is 20, and 17 to 20 is +3, not consistent with +4, +5, +6, +7. Option D (Y): Y is 25, so 17 to 25 is +8, skipping over the expected +7 increment. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to look for a constant increment and, when that is not found, to guess randomly. Another pitfall is to forget that the step size itself might be increasing. When the direct differences are not equal, always check if they form a pattern of their own, such as +2, +3, +4 or +4, +5, +6 and so on. Final Answer: The correct letter that completes the series is X, corresponding to option A.

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