Introduction / Context:
This question checks your grasp of implicit assumptions behind an operational instruction in an examination setting. The organizer has told candidates to bring pencils but still asks invigilators to carry extras. We must decide which hidden beliefs must be true for this instruction to make sense.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Candidates were already told to bring pencils.
- Staff are told to place some pencils with each invigilator “just in case.”
- Assumption I: Pencils are generally in short supply.
- Assumption II: All candidates will bring a pencil.
Concept / Approach:
An assumption is a necessary, unstated belief that the instruction relies on. Here, the instruction anticipates contingencies: someone may forget, a pencil may break, or a new candidate may arrive without one. None of that requires a global shortage or perfect voluntary compliance.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Consider I (short supply). The instruction does not talk about citywide or campus-wide scarcity. It simply builds redundancy. Therefore, a general “short supply” is not necessary.Consider II (all will bring). If all candidates certainly bring pencils, there would be no need to stock extras. In fact, the instruction presumes the opposite—that some might not. Hence II is not implicit.
Verification / Alternative check:
Risk management logic: even with instructions, compliance may fail; providing spares reduces exam disruption. This logic holds without assuming shortage or universal compliance.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
I-only: Overstates the situation; contingency does not imply scarcity.II-only: Contradicts the rationale for providing spares.Either/Both: Neither is required; the instruction is sensible without them.
Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “prudent backup” with “evidence of shortage.”
Final Answer:
Neither I nor II is implicit
Discussion & Comments