Critical Reasoning – Implicit Assumptions Statement: “There is no reason to rule out the possibility of life on Mars. Therefore, exploration of that planet has to be undertaken.” Assumptions: I. There is life on Mars. II. Searching for life is a sufficient reason to undertake space exploration.

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: Only assumption II is implicit

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
The argument moves from “possible life” to “we should explore.” We must find the premise that allows this move without overstating claims about actual life on Mars.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Premise: Possibility of life on Mars cannot be ruled out.
  • Conclusion: Therefore, exploration must be undertaken.
  • Assumption I: There is definitely life on Mars.
  • Assumption II: The search for life (even as a possibility) is sufficient justification for exploration.


Concept / Approach:
From “possible” to “do it,” the missing link is a value judgment: that the potential discovery (life) warrants the cost/effort of exploration. The conclusion does not require the fact of life, only the sufficiency of the goal.


Step-by-Step Solution:

I is not required; asserting existence would be stronger than the premise. The argument works with possibility, not certainty.II is required; without treating the search for life as sufficient reason, the conclusion to explore would not follow.


Verification / Alternative check:

Negate II: if searching for life is not enough reason, then the conclusion to explore does not hold just from “possibility.”


Why Other Options Are Wrong:

I-only/Both: Overstate the premise; certainty is not claimed.Either/Neither: Fail to supply the needed normative premise.


Common Pitfalls:

Confusing possibility with actuality in assumption problems.


Final Answer:
Only assumption II is implicit

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