Name of density-based separation: Separation of solid particles primarily according to their densities is called what?

Introduction / Context:Different separation unit operations are named for the dominant property exploited: size (sizing), density (sorting or gravity separation), surface chemistry (flotation), magnetism (magnetic separation), etc. Correct terminology streamlines communication in plant design and operation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Bulk mixture of solids differing mainly in density.
• Mechanisms may include jigs, dense-medium, spirals, shaking tables.

Concept / Approach:In classical mineral processing nomenclature, “sorting” and “gravity separation” refer to density-based separations. Depending on context, “hand sorting” is visual/manual, but in many exam banks “sorting” is used generically for density-based mechanical separations. Sizing is based on geometric size using screens; clarification is removal of suspended solids from liquids; dispersion is mixing or phase distribution; flotation exploits wettability differences.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:Text references pair “sorting/gravity separation” for jigs, spirals, dense-medium cyclones—the density-based family.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Sizing: screens use size, not density.
• Clarification: solid–liquid separation, not solid–solid density sorting.
• Dispersion: mixing term.
• Flotation: surface chemistry (wettability), not density.

Common Pitfalls:Interpreting “sorting” only as manual picking; in many curricula it denotes density-based mechanical separation as well.

Final Answer:Sorting