Determinants of the rate of an item of work (civil estimation) Which factors does the unit rate of an item of work depend on in rate analysis and estimation?

Introduction / Context:
Rate analysis derives the unit rate of an item (e.g., brickwork, plastering, concrete) from inputs like labour, materials, equipment, overheads, and profit. Item specifications and construction methodology directly affect consumption and productivity, and therefore the rate.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard civil engineering rate analysis framework.
• Quality and grade specifications influence quantities and costs.
• Construction method and productivity influence labour and equipment time.

Concept / Approach:
Rates are sensitive to the required quality (work and material specs), mix proportions (e.g., mortar ratios), and the adopted method (manual, semi-mechanised, mechanised). Changing any of these alters resource consumption per unit output.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compare the same item done manually vs with mixers/scaffolding systems; rates differ noticeably, demonstrating multi-factor dependence.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Any single option alone is incomplete; rates depend on all listed factors.

Common Pitfalls:
Ignoring productivity variations, local wage/material indices, wastage allowances, and site access in rate build-ups.

Final Answer:
All the above