Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: If neither Conclusion I nor II follows
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
The pair of statements suggest a general maxim (quality costs) and a policy fact (more funds to education). We must decide whether improved quality necessarily follows and whether funding alone suffices.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Conclusion I (will improve soon) predicts outcomes and timing—neither guaranteed by funding levels alone. Conclusion II asserts sufficiency of funding (“alone”), which is a strong claim contradicted by real-world dependencies (curriculum, pedagogy, accountability, etc.). Hence neither follows with logical necessity.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Distinguish necessary inputs (money) from sufficient conditions (money plus effective use).2) Note the absence of time-bound or sufficiency claims in the premises.3) Therefore, reject I and II.
Verification / Alternative check:
Waste or misallocation can nullify spending; quality may or may not improve “soon.”
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Affirming I or II infers more than is provided; “both” compounds the error.
Common Pitfalls:
Equating higher budgets with automatic, immediate quality gains.
Final Answer:
Neither conclusion follows.
Discussion & Comments