Statement — Pollution-related problems made the people of country X realise that while economic growth is important, environmental conservation is also necessary.\n\nConclusions —\nI. Initially, people of country X concentrated only on economic growth.\nII. Economic growth has been achieved at the cost of environmental balance.

Introduction / Context:
The premise explicitly frames a shift in understanding triggered by pollution: growth matters, but so does conservation. We test whether prior focus was skewed (I) and whether growth harmed the environment (II).

Concept / Approach:
I follows: if people “realise” conservation is also necessary due to pollution problems, it implies earlier emphasis was predominantly on growth with insufficient conservation. II follows: pollution-related problems are a direct symptom of growth achieved with inadequate environmental safeguards—i.e., at the cost of environmental balance.

Final Answer:
Both I and II follow.