Information systems maturity: The Nolan _____ model identifies several phases that describe how information systems evolve and mature within organizations over time.

Introduction / Context:
The Nolan growth framework is a classic concept in MIS that outlines how organizations typically progress in their use and management of information systems. It emphasizes predictable patterns in spending, control, and integration as technology adoption deepens. The question asks you to recall the common name of this model.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The model is associated with Richard L. Nolan.
• It delineates phases through which IT usage evolves.
• The missing word should complete the standard phrase used in MIS literature.

Concept / Approach:
The well-known term is the “Nolan stage model” (also called the “stages of growth” model). It classifies organizational IT maturity into sequential stages, such as initiation, contagion, control, integration, data administration, and maturity (names vary by revision), highlighting changing priorities and governance mechanisms at each phase.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Historical MIS references consistently use “stages of growth” and refer to Nolan’s “stage model,” validating the answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing the Nolan model with strategic planning models; Nolan’s focus is evolutionary stages, not annual planning steps.

Final Answer:
stage