Evidence for life in a newly discovered microscopic structure A newly observed microscopic structure is suspected to be living. Which observations would support the claim that it is a living organism?

Introduction / Context:
Defining life involves identifying core characteristics that distinguish living systems from nonliving matter. In cell biology and astrobiology alike, evidence such as heredity, cellular organization, and metabolism provides strong support for life. This question asks which findings would support the claim that a microscopic structure is alive.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Observations include the presence of DNA, cellular organization, and energy utilization.
• Life is often operationally identified by a suite of properties rather than a single criterion.
• Nonliving mineral or abiotic structures may mimic shapes but lack integrated biological functions.

Concept / Approach:

Core hallmarks of life include genetic information (DNA or RNA), cellular organization (one or more cells), metabolism and energy transduction, growth and reproduction, homeostasis, and response to stimuli. Detecting DNA suggests a hereditary system; observing a single cell implies cellular organization; seeing energy use indicates metabolism. The concurrence of these factors robustly supports the contention of life.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Additional corroborations may include reproduction over time, protein synthesis, or response to environmental changes. However, DNA + cellularity + metabolism already form a strong evidentiary triad.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Any single observation alone is suggestive but incomplete; the conjunction of all three is strongest.
• Rigid mineral shell alone indicates a nonliving structure unless paired with internal biological systems.

Common Pitfalls:

• Assuming DNA alone proves life; some viruses have DNA but lack cellular organization and independent metabolism.
• Equating any microscopic size with life; many abiotic particles are microscopic.

Final Answer:

All of these