In 1930, which leader started the Red Shirt Movement in the North West Frontier Province to support the Indian national struggle?

Introduction / Context:
The Red Shirt Movement, also known as the Khudai Khidmatgar movement, was an important non violent struggle in the North West Frontier Province during the Indian freedom movement. This question checks your knowledge of regional leaders who supported the wider national struggle alongside more commonly known figures.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The movement is called the Red Shirt Movement.
• It started around 1930 in the North West Frontier Province.
• We must identify the leader who started it from four famous freedom fighters.

Concept / Approach:
The Red Shirt Movement is closely associated with a leader often called Frontier Gandhi because of his strong commitment to non violence and his work among the Pashtun population. Recognizing this nickname and his region immediately guides you to the correct answer.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a prominent leader from the North West Frontier Province.Step 2: He founded the Khudai Khidmatgar organization, whose members wore red shirts, hence the name Red Shirt Movement.Step 3: Subhas Chandra Bose is known for the Indian National Army and for a more militant approach, not for this movement.Step 4: Lala Lajpat Rai was a leader from Punjab and not associated with the Red Shirt Movement in the frontier region.Step 5: Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary from Punjab and had no direct role in founding the Red Shirt Movement.Step 6: Therefore, the correct answer is Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

Verification / Alternative check:
History texts on modern India state that the Red Shirt Movement or Khudai Khidmatgar was founded by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan to mobilize the Pashtun people in support of the Indian National Congress and non violent resistance.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Subhas Chandra Bose: Associated with the Indian National Army and Azad Hind government, not with this non violent frontier movement.Lala Lajpat Rai: A major nationalist leader, but he led protests such as those against the Simon Commission, not the Red Shirt Movement.Bhagat Singh: Famous for revolutionary actions such as the Central Legislative Assembly bombing, but not for a non violent mass movement like this one.

Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes pick a more famous all India name, such as Bose or Bhagat Singh, without connecting the specific movement to the right region and ideology.Forgetting the nickname Frontier Gandhi also leads to confusion, because it directly hints at Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

Final Answer:
The Red Shirt Movement in the North West Frontier Province was started by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.