Cause & Effect — Identify the Relationship: I. The school authority has decided to increase tuition fees by 30% from the next academic year. II. The government has urged local residents to enroll all their children in nearby schools. Which option best captures the link between I and II?

Introduction / Context:
The stem combines a private/school-level pricing decision with a public exhortation to enroll children. We must test whether one action causes the other.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I: A 30% fee hike from next year (institutional decision).
• II: Government urging universal enrolment (public policy messaging).
• No explicit dependency or timing cause is provided.

Concept / Approach:
These actions plausibly originate from different drivers: (I) cost inflation/budgeting at schools; (II) educational outreach/Right-to-Education goals. Without a stated link, treat both as effects of separate causes.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Even if the government push increases demand, schools would not automatically respond with a fixed 30% hike from next year absent cost reasons.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They impose a direction that isn’t supported; “unrelated” is too strong given both concern schooling but still lack causality.

Common Pitfalls:
Inferring causation from thematic similarity (both about schooling).

Final Answer:
Option D: Both statements are effects of independent causes.