Match Java operators to their meanings: (A) & , (B) ^ , (C) || , (D) && — with (1) Logical AND, (2) Bitwise AND, (3) XOR, (4) Logical OR.
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AA-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
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BA-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
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CA-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
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DA-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
Answer
Correct Answer: A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
Explanation
Introduction:Java differentiates between bitwise and logical operators, and it provides distinct symbols for exclusive OR and short-circuit logical operations. Mapping each operator to its meaning reinforces correct usage in expressions and conditionals.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Operators: & , ^ , || , &&.
- Meanings: logical AND/OR, bitwise AND, XOR.
- Context: Java operator precedence and boolean vs integral contexts.
Concept / Approach:
The single-ampersand & is bitwise AND for integer types (and a non-short-circuit boolean AND). The caret ^ is bitwise XOR (boolean XOR for booleans). The double-vertical-bar || is logical OR with short-circuit evaluation. The double-ampersand && is logical AND with short-circuit evaluation.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Map & → Bitwise AND (2).Map ^ → XOR (3).Map || → Logical OR (4).Map && → Logical AND (1).Verification / Alternative check:
Code trials show that || and && may skip the right-hand operand when left-hand decides the outcome, while & and ^ always evaluate both sides for booleans and operate bitwise on integers.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Swapping logical and bitwise semantics leads to subtle bugs, particularly from assuming & is short-circuiting.
Common Pitfalls:
Using & instead of && in conditionals (causes unintended evaluation); misunderstanding ^ as exponentiation (it is XOR in Java).
Final Answer:
A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1