Match solid-state devices to their typical applications: (A) Zener diode, (B) Tunnel diode, (C) LED, (D) Photovoltaic cell — with (1) Used in seven-segment displays, (2) Used in voltage regulator circuits, (3) Used in solar energy utilization, (4) Used in high-speed/digital circuits.
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AA-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
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BA-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
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CA-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
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DA-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
Answer
Correct Answer: A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Explanation
Introduction:Many diodes have specialized structures that make them ideal for particular applications. Knowing these associations speeds up component selection and circuit reasoning during design and troubleshooting.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Zener diodes provide near-constant voltage over a range of currents (reverse breakdown).
- Tunnel diodes exploit negative resistance for very high-speed switching/oscillation.
- LEDs emit visible/IR light, commonly used in segment displays.
- Photovoltaic cells convert light to electrical energy.
Concept / Approach:
Zener → voltage regulation/reference. Tunnel diode → microwave/high-speed/digital circuits due to negative differential resistance. LED → segment/panel indicators. PV cell → solar energy harvesting.
Step-by-Step Solution:
A → (2): Zener in shunt regulators and references.B → (4): Tunnel diode in fast logic/oscillators.C → (1): LED segments in seven-segment displays.D → (3): Photovoltaic cells in solar utilization.Verification / Alternative check:
Datasheets and application notes align with these standard uses; lab kits and textbooks show Zener regulation, LED display drivers, and PV demos.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Swapping these roles contradicts device physics (e.g., LEDs are emitters, not regulators; Zeners do not act as detectors/generators of light).
Common Pitfalls:
Confusing tunnel diodes with Schottky or PIN diodes; mixing photovoltaic (power generation) with photodiodes (detection).
Final Answer:
A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3