DAC dynamic behavior term: The interval between a valid digital code change at a DAC’s input and the time the analog output reaches and remains within a specified error band of its final value is called the settling time. Assess this definition.

Introduction / Context:
When a DAC input code changes, the output does not jump instantly to the new voltage; it slews, rings, and experiences glitch energy before stabilizing. “Settling time” quantifies how quickly the output becomes reliably usable.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• DAC experiences a code transition at t0.
• A specified error band (for example ±0.5 LSB) defines “settled.”
• Output includes dynamic effects: slew, overshoot, and glitches.

Concept / Approach:
Settling time is the elapsed time from input change to the moment the output first enters and stays within the error band. It encompasses all transient behavior, distinguishing it from simple propagation delay (which ignores final stabilization quality).

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Apply digital step at the DAC input.2) Observe the analog output waveform.3) Determine when the output is within the specified band.4) Confirm it remains within band thereafter; that interval is the settling time.

Verification / Alternative check:
Datasheets specify “settling time to ±X LSB,” confirming the definition across architectures (R-2R, current-steering, sigma-delta with reconstruction filters, etc.).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Incorrect” confuses with pure propagation delay; architecture-specific qualifiers do not change the generic definition.

Common Pitfalls:
Ignoring the error band; assuming first crossing equals settled even if ringing pushes it back out temporarily.

Final Answer:
Correct