CPLD programming technologies: Evaluate the statement — “The programming technologies used in Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) are all nonvolatile (retain configuration without power).”

Introduction / Context:
CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices) are widely used where instant-on behavior and deterministic timing are desired. This item checks whether you know that mainstream CPLD configuration technologies are nonvolatile, meaning the device powers up already configured without loading a bitstream from external memory.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• CPLDs commonly use EEPROM or Flash to store configuration.
• “Nonvolatile” means configuration persists without power.
• We are discussing configuration storage technology, not user RAM.

Concept / Approach:
CPLDs historically evolved from SPLDs with electrically erasable programming. Unlike most SRAM-based FPGAs, which need a configuration load on every boot, CPLDs retain their logic equations internally. This enables true instant-on and simplifies board design by removing the need for external configuration PROMs in many cases.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compare CPLDs with SRAM FPGAs that require bitstreams from external Flash. CPLDs do not need this step because their internal nonvolatile cells already store the design.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Incorrect: Conflicts with standard CPLD technology (EEPROM/Flash).
• True only for EEPROM-based CPLDs: Flash-based CPLDs are also nonvolatile.
• Battery attachment: Nonvolatility here is intrinsic, not battery-backed.
• JTAG speed: JTAG is for programming, unrelated to retention with power off.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing CPLDs with SRAM FPGAs; assuming “needs configuration” equals “volatile”; overlooking instant-on benefits for control logic and glue logic.

Final Answer:
Correct