Historical classification: “The field-programmable logic array (FPLA) was the first ________ programmable logic device.” Select the best completion.

Introduction / Context:
Early programmable logic evolved from memory-derived approaches (e.g., PROMs used as look-up tables) to dedicated logic arrays. The FPLA marked a shift toward devices architected for logic implementation rather than simply repurposing memory structures.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• “Nonmemory” here contrasts with PLD implementations derived from memory arrays.
• FPLA provided programmable AND and OR arrays to realize logic directly.
• We seek the historical descriptor distinguishing FPLA from memory-based devices.

Concept / Approach:
Before PLAs/PLDs, PROMs were commonly used to implement logic via stored truth tables—fundamentally a memory technique. FPLAs provided a logic-centric fabric (programmable logic arrays) rather than a memory look-up, making them the first prominent nonmemory PLDs in common classification schemes.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbook timelines position PROM-based logic as precursors, followed by PLAs/FPLAs that implemented Boolean equations directly using programmable gate arrays, not addressable memory words.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Understandable / multifunction: Vague and not historically used descriptors.
• Logic array: Tautological; FPLA already stands for logic array.
• Mask-programmed: Opposite of “field-programmable.”

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “field-programmable” with “nonvolatile”; mixing up FPLA with PLA or PAL; assuming all early PLDs were memory-derived.

Final Answer:
nonmemory