In the Constitution of India, Part IV specifically deals with which of the following subjects of governance?

Introduction / Context:
Part IV of the Constitution of India is a very important portion of the text that guides how the state should work towards social and economic justice. This part lays down the Directive Principles of State Policy, which act as broad guidelines for all future laws and policies. Even though these principles are not directly enforceable in a court of law, they reflect the vision of the framers for building a welfare state in India. Competitive exams often test whether a student can correctly link the Part number of the Constitution with the correct subject, such as Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, or the Union Executive.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question refers specifically to Part IV of the Constitution of India.
• Several important constitutional subjects are given as options, including Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
• The task is to identify which subject is actually covered in Part IV.

Concept / Approach:
The Constitution is divided into Parts, each dealing with a different area. Part III covers Fundamental Rights. Part IV, which spans Articles 36 to 51, lays down the Directive Principles of State Policy. These principles direct the state to promote social and economic welfare, reduce inequalities, protect the environment, ensure just working conditions, and provide adequate means of livelihood. They are not enforceable by courts, but they are fundamental in the governance of the country and are meant to guide policy makers. By recalling this structure, one can match Part IV with Directive Principles of State Policy rather than Fundamental Rights or the Union Executive.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Part III of the Constitution contains Fundamental Rights, from Article 12 to Article 35.Step 2: Recall that Part IV of the Constitution runs from Article 36 to Article 51.Step 3: Remember that Articles 36 to 51 are collectively known as the Directive Principles of State Policy.Step 4: Note that the Union Executive is covered in Part V, and Citizenship is dealt with mainly in Part II.Step 5: Therefore, Part IV must be associated with Directive Principles of State Policy.

Verification / Alternative check:
A quick cross check is to remember the common pairing taught in civics: Part III equals Fundamental Rights, Part IV equals Directive Principles, and Part IVA equals Fundamental Duties. If you can recall that Fundamental Duties were added later by the Forty Second Amendment and placed in Part IVA, then it becomes clear that Part IV could not be Fundamental Duties. This reconfirms that Part IV deals with Directive Principles of State Policy only.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Fundamental Rights are contained in Part III, not Part IV. Citizenship provisions appear mainly in Part II, which comes before both Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. The Union Executive, including the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers, is covered in Part V, not Part IV. Fundamental Duties were inserted into Part IVA by a later amendment, so they are also not the subject of Part IV. Hence all other options do not match the Part number asked in the question.

Common Pitfalls:
Students often confuse Part III and Part IV because both are core to Indian polity and are frequently studied together. Another common mistake is to assume that because Fundamental Rights are more famous, they must be placed first, and then to mix up the numbering. Some learners also confuse Directive Principles with Fundamental Duties because both talk about desirable conduct in society. Keeping a simple mental map of the Parts and their key topics helps avoid this confusion in exams.

Final Answer:
Directive Principles of State Policy