Assertion–Reason (Evaluate Truth and Explanation): Assertion (A): Alok bought a big car and will need a lot of petrol to run. Reason (R): All cars need petrol to run. Choose the correct option about the truth of (A) and (R) and whether (R) explains (A).

Introduction / Context:This is a classic Assertion–Reason item. We must independently test the truth of (A) and (R), and then check whether (R) explains (A).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• (A) Big car → “will need a lot of petrol.” Read “petrol” colloquially as “fuel”; bigger/heavier cars typically have lower mileage and hence higher fuel consumption.
• (R) “All cars need petrol” states a universal claim.

Concept / Approach:Evaluate truth values first, then explanatory link. A universal generalization fails if any counterexample exists.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:Even if we interpret “petrol” as “fuel,” (R) remains false due to EVs and diesel vehicles.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:Options (a) and (b) require (R) to be true; it is not. (d) and (e) misjudge (A), which is generally acceptable as a tendency.

Common Pitfalls:Confusing colloquial “petrol” with “fuel” and accepting a universal statement without checking counterexamples.

Final Answer:Option C: (A) true, (R) false.