Assertion–Reason (Evaluate Truth and Explanation): Assertion (A): Alok bought a big car and will need a lot of petrol to run. Reason (R): All cars need petrol to run. Choose the correct option about the truth of (A) and (R) and whether (R) explains (A).
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ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
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BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
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C(A) is true, but (R) is false.
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D(A) is false, but (R) is true.
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EBoth (A) and (R) are false.
Answer
Correct Answer: (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Explanation
Introduction / Context:This is a classic Assertion–Reason item. We must independently test the truth of (A) and (R), and then check whether (R) explains (A).
Given Data / Assumptions:
- (A) Big car → “will need a lot of petrol.” Read “petrol” colloquially as “fuel”; bigger/heavier cars typically have lower mileage and hence higher fuel consumption.
- (R) “All cars need petrol” states a universal claim.
Concept / Approach:Evaluate truth values first, then explanatory link. A universal generalization fails if any counterexample exists.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) (A): Larger displacement/weight often implies higher fuel usage → broadly true as a general tendency.2) (R): Not all cars run on petrol (diesel, CNG, electric, hybrid). So the universal “all” is false.3) Since (R) is false, it cannot be the correct explanation of (A).Verification / Alternative check:Even if we interpret “petrol” as “fuel,” (R) remains false due to EVs and diesel vehicles.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:Options (a) and (b) require (R) to be true; it is not. (d) and (e) misjudge (A), which is generally acceptable as a tendency.
Common Pitfalls:Confusing colloquial “petrol” with “fuel” and accepting a universal statement without checking counterexamples.
Final Answer:Option C: (A) true, (R) false.