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Assertion–Reason (Evaluate Truth and Explanation):\nAssertion (A): The needle of a compass always points towards the North.\nReason (R): The needle is painted red.

Difficulty: Easy

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(A) is true, but (R) is false.
(A) is false, but (R) is true.
Both (A) and (R) are false.

Correct Answer: (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:

Introduction / Context:
We test a physical fact about magnetism against an irrelevant cosmetic reason.

Given Data / Assumptions:

(A) Idealized: a magnetized needle aligns roughly with Earth’s magnetic field, pointing north–south (one tip “towards North”).
(R) Claims paint color causes the effect.

Concept / Approach:
Magnetic alignment is due to torque on a magnetic dipole in Earth’s magnetic field; paint color is irrelevant.

Step-by-Step Solution:

1) (A) True in principle (allowing for local declination/variation).2) (R) False: red paint is a convention to mark the north-seeking end; it does not cause alignment.3) Hence (R) cannot explain (A).

Verification / Alternative check:
Unpainted but magnetized needles still align; painted but unmagnetized ones do not.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
(a)/(b) require (R) true; (d)/(e) misstate (A).

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing indicators (paint) with causes (magnetism).

Final Answer:
Option C: (A) true, (R) false.

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Assertion–Reason (Evaluate Truth and Explanation):\nAssertion (A): The needle of a compass always points towards the North.\nReason (R): The needle is painted red.

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