Computer taxonomy: a microcomputer is defined as a computer that uses which component as its central processing unit (CPU)?

Introduction / Context:
Computer classes historically include microcomputers, minicomputers, and mainframes. The hallmark of a microcomputer is that its CPU is implemented on a single integrated circuit: the microprocessor. This integration drastically reduced cost and physical size, fueling personal computing.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• CPU is the central processing element executing instructions.
• A microprocessor integrates ALU, registers, and control logic on one chip.
• We distinguish microcomputers from earlier designs built from many discrete components.

Concept / Approach:
When the CPU is realized as a microprocessor, the entire computer can be built around it with memory, I/O, and support chips. This design contrasts with CPUs built from multiple boards or vacuum tubes. The single-chip CPU is the defining criterion for a microcomputer.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Classic examples: systems based on Intel 8080/8086, Motorola 68000, or modern x86/ARM SoCs are microprocessor-based and therefore microcomputers (at the personal scale or embedded scale).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “microcontroller” with “microprocessor”: a microcontroller includes CPU + memory + peripherals on one chip; many microcomputers can still be built around a microcontroller.

Final Answer:
A microprocessor