Quantization levels vs. resolution: With 4-bit resolution, is it possible to obtain more than 16 distinct analog output levels from an ideal DAC?

Introduction / Context:
Resolution defines how many discrete codes a converter can represent. An ideal n-bit DAC has 2^n unique digital codes and therefore 2^n analog output steps. This question probes whether learners equate “4-bit resolution” with a precise, finite set of quantization levels and resist the temptation to assume extra levels can be created without changing resolution.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ideal, memoryless 4-bit DAC (no dynamic tricks).
• Uniform code mapping across its defined output span.
• No dithering, averaging, or time-domain modulation considered in the static sense.

Concept / Approach:
For an ideal DAC, the number of distinct output levels equals the number of input codes: 2^n. With n = 4, that is 16 levels. Each step is one least significant bit (LSB) in amplitude. Although advanced techniques such as oversampling with noise shaping, pulse-width modulation, or time-averaging can effectively increase apparent resolution over time, the instantaneous static output still presents one of the 16 levels at any sample instant for a pure 4-bit DAC core.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Look at a 4-bit transfer characteristic: a staircase with 16 steps from code 0000 to 1111. No intermediate static plateaus exist without extra modulation or analog filtering of a higher-rate bitstream.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing effective number of bits (ENOB) improvements from dynamic methods with the inherent code count of the DAC.

Final Answer:
Incorrect