Direction of conversion (definitions check): D/A conversion takes a voltage or current and converts it to a digital code. Evaluate this statement.

Introduction / Context:
Clear terminology prevents design confusion. D/A and A/D mark opposite directions of signal conversion at the digital–analog boundary. This question checks whether you can correctly associate the direction with the acronym and not mix them up during specification or troubleshooting.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• D/A (DAC) and A/D (ADC) devices are idealized for definition purposes.
• Input/output ranges are within specified compliance and reference limits.
• We focus on the direction of conversion, not the particular architecture.

Concept / Approach:
A Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) accepts a digital code at its input and produces a corresponding analog quantity (voltage or current) at its output. Conversely, an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) accepts an analog quantity and outputs the corresponding digital code. Therefore, the statement “D/A conversion takes a voltage or current and converts it to a digital code” actually describes the ADC, not the DAC, and is thus incorrect.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Block diagrams in textbooks and datasheets consistently show “DAC: code → voltage/current” and “ADC: voltage/current → code.” This is independent of topology (flash, SAR, sigma-delta, current-steering, R-2R ladder).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Mixing up terms when discussing mixed-signal interfaces; always state which device (ADC or DAC) and the direction explicitly.

Final Answer:
Incorrect