Statement: A very large number of students failed in the final high-school examinations due to wrong questions in one subject. Courses of Action: I. Allow all affected students to take a supplementary examination for that subject. II. Suspend those responsible and initiate an inquiry to establish facts.

Introduction / Context:
Wrong questions invalidate fair assessment. The response must restore equity to students and ensure accountability to prevent recurrence.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Failure is linked to an identified paper defect.
• Boards have mechanisms for moderation/supplementary exams.
• Responsibility may lie with paper setters, moderators, or quality control.

Concept / Approach:
I provides an immediate remedy—retesting or moderated re-evaluation—so no candidate is unfairly penalised. II ensures process correction via inquiry and proportionate action.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Announce supplementary exam with clear timelines; consider grace/normalisation if appropriate.2) Set up an independent inquiry; revise SOPs for paper setting and vetting.3) Communicate transparently to students and parents.

Verification / Alternative check:
Both fairness and deterrence are needed; either alone is insufficient.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I: no systemic fix. Only II: students remain harmed.

Common Pitfalls:
Delays in scheduling; inadequate communication.

Final Answer:
Both I and II follow.