Statement: “Women should be given vocational training related to their work,” reads an advice. Assumptions I & II: I. Vocational training can increase an individual’s efficiency. II. Women are likely to benefit from receiving vocational training. Choose the option that correctly identifies which assumption(s) is/are implicit.

Introduction / Context:
The recommendation specifically urges vocational training for women in relation to their work. We determine the necessary background beliefs that justify this advice.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I. Training improves efficiency/productivity.
• II. Women, in particular, would benefit from such training.

Concept / Approach:
Any recommendation in favor of training presumes training is effective (I). Targeting women presumes that women stand to benefit (II). Both are required for the advice to be purposive.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) The advice promotes vocational training as a means to improve work outcomes.2) Effectiveness premise: training enhances efficiency (I).3) Targeting premise: women will actually gain from it (II); otherwise the targeting is baseless.4) Therefore, both I and II are implicit.

Verification / Alternative check:
If training were ineffective, the advice would be pointless. If women would not benefit, singling them out is unjustified. Both premises are needed.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I or only II omits a necessary condition. Either I or II: both are required. Neither: contradicts the rationale for the advice.

Common Pitfalls:
Thinking that general effectiveness (I) alone suffices; targeted advice also assumes audience benefit (II).

Final Answer:
Both I and II are implicit.