Statement: Government X proposes two new service cadres—Rural Development Service and Rural Engineering Service—to strengthen the Panchayati Raj model. Assumptions I & II: I. New cadres may help implement Government schemes empowering rural communities. II. Practical difficulties exist in implementing various schemes launched by Government X. Choose the option that correctly identifies which assumption(s) is/are implicit.

Introduction / Context:
Creating specialized cadres is an institutional reform intended to improve execution capacity. The Panchayati Raj system emphasizes decentralized governance; strengthening it typically requires technical and administrative support.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I. Establishing new cadres will aid implementation of rural empowerment schemes.
• II. There are practical hurdles in implementing the Government’s schemes that warrant such cadres.

Concept / Approach:
A reform proposal presupposes that (a) the reform will help reach stated goals, and (b) current arrangements have shortcomings requiring correction.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) The purpose—“to strengthen Panchayati Raj”—implies that additional capacity is helpful (I).2) The creation of new cadres presumes present implementation difficulties—skill gaps, coordination issues, or engineering bandwidth shortages (II).3) Together, these assumptions justify the institutional change; without either, the reform would seem unnecessary or misdirected.

Verification / Alternative check:
If current implementation were smooth, new cadres would be redundant. If cadres could not contribute to execution, the measure would not strengthen the system. Hence both assumptions are needed.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I or only II omits part of the rationale; “either” fails because the proposal needs both problem recognition and solution efficacy. “Neither” ignores the basic logic of administrative reforms.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing political intent with operational necessity; the very act of creating cadres indicates acknowledged implementation constraints and expected benefits.

Final Answer:
Both I and II are implicit.