In temporary rail layouts used inside tunnels for muck-car movement, which of the following track layout methods are commonly employed to manage passing and turnouts?

Introduction / Context:
Efficient mucking depends on track layouts that minimize delays between loading at the face and unloading at the portal or transfer point. Tunnelling projects therefore adapt flexible rail systems and turnouts suited to confined headings and frequent relocations, using a variety of layout methods to match the cycle time and crew organization.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Short, movable track segments used in headings.
• Need for passing, overtaking, or staged queuing of muck-cars.
• Diverse methods exist and are adapted to site conditions.

Concept / Approach:
The grasshopper approach uses portable, rapidly deployable switches or short track panels to “hop” closer to the face. Passing-track or loop methods allow trains to meet and pass without delays. Cherry picker logistics prioritize certain headings or faces for rapid turnarounds. California crossings and Dixon conveyor combinations integrate crossings or short conveyors to streamline flow. Together, they provide a toolkit for responsive logistics in varying tunnel geometries.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:

Final Answer: