Question 1

Statements: (a) No flower is a pot. (b) No pot is a garden. Conclusions: I. No flower is a garden. II. All gardens are pots.

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Universal Negative (E - type). No Conclusion follows from the two negative Premises.

Question 2

Statements: (a) Most players are men. (b) Some men are singers. Conclusions: I. Some singers are men. II. Some players are singers.

Accepted Answer

The first Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). The second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type). Most players are men. ↔ Some man are singers. A + I ⇒ No Conclusion Conclusion I is Converse of the second statement.

Question 3

Statements: (a) All buses are houses. (b) Some houses are lakes. Conclusions: I. Some buses are lakes. II. Some lakes are buses. III. Some lakes are houses. IV. Some houses are buses.

Accepted Answer

All buses are houses. ↔ Some houses are lakes. A + I ⇒ No Conclusion Conclusion III is Converse of the second Premise. Conclusion IV is Converse of the first Premise.

Question 4

Statements: All students are boys. No boy is dull. Conclusions: I. There are no girls in the class. II. No student is dull.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Affirmative and the second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type). All students are boys. ↔ No boy is dull. A + E ⇒ E–type of Conclusion "No student is dull" This is conclusion II.

Question 5

Statements: a. All apples are bananas. b. All bananas are sweet. Conclusions: I. Some apples are sweet. II. Some bananas are apples.

Accepted Answer

(i) All apples are bananas → Universal Affirmative (A-type). (ii) Some apples are sweet → Particular Affirmative (I-type). (iii) No apple is banana → Universal Negative (E-type) (iv) Some apples are not bananas → Particular Negative (O-type) All apples are bananas. ↔ All bananas are sweet. A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion "All apples are sweet." Conclusion I is the Implication of it. Conclusion II is Converse of the first Premise.

Question 6

Statements: a. Some years are decades. b. All centuries are decades. Conclusions: I. Some centuries are years. II. Some decades are years. III. No century is a year.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type). Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). All centuries are decades. ↔ Some decades are years. A + I ⇒ No Conclusion Conclusion II is Converse of the first Premise. Conclusions I and III form Complementary Pair. Therefore, either I or III follows.

Question 7

Statement I: Ankit is a singer. II: All the singers are fat. Conclusions: I. Ankit is fat. II. All fat men are singers. III. Fat men are not singers. IV. Ankit is not fat.

Accepted Answer

All the singers are fat and Ankit is a singer. So, Ankit is fat.

Question 8

Statements: 1. All animals are four footed. 2. Dog has two legs. Conclusions: I. Dog is not an animal. II. Dog is an animal.

Accepted Answer

All animals (without exception) are four–footed. Dog has two legs. Therefore dog is not an animal. Thus, only Conclusion I follows.

Question 9

Statements: 1. All mangoes are golden in colour. 2. No golden coloured things are cheap. Conclusions: I. All mangoes are cheap. II. Golden–coloured mangoes are not cheap.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A–type). Second Premise is Universal Negative (E–type). All mangoes are golden in colour. It implies that all mangoes without an exception are golden in colour. No golden coloured things are cheap. Thus, Conclusion II follows.

Question 10

Statements: Some flies are ants. All insects are ants. Conclusions: I. All flies are ants. II. Some ants are insects.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I–type). Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A–type). All insects are ants. ↔ Some ants are flies. A + I ⇒ No Conclusion Conclusion II is the Converse of the second Premise.

Question 11

Statements: All crows are birds. All peacocks are crows. Conclusions: I. All peacocks are birds. II. All birds are peacocks.

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type). All peacocks are crows. ↔ All crows are birds. A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion "All peacocks are birds." This is Conclusion I.

Question 12

Statements: I. All squares are rectangles. II. All rectangles are polygons. Conclusion:

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A–type). All squares are rectangles. ↔ All rectangles are polygons. A + A ⇒ A–type of Conclusion "All squares are polygons." Thus, square is rectangle (given) and square is polygon (derived).

Question 13

Statements: a. Mary said, "Ann and I both have cats." b. Ann said, "I don't have a cat." c. Mary always tells the truth, but Ann sometimes lies. Conclusions: I. Ann has a cat. II. Mary has a cat. III. Ann is lying.

Accepted Answer

Mary always tells the truth. Therefore, both Mary and Ann have cats. Clearly, Ann is lying. Thus, all the Conclusions I, II and III follow.

Question 14

Statements: 1. All stenographers are lazy. 2. Some men are stenographers. Conclusions: I. All lazy people are men. II. Some men are lazy.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type). Some men are stenographers. ↔ All stenographers are lazy. I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion "Some men are lazy". This is Conclusion II.

Question 15

Statements: Some pens are pencils. Some pencils are erasers. Some erasers are sharpeners. Conclusions: I. Some sharpeners are pens. II. Some pencils are sharpeners. III. Some erasers are pens.

Accepted Answer

All the three Premises are particular (I–type). No Conclusion follows from the two particular premises.

Question 16

Statements: All boys are tall. Rajiv is a boy. Conclusions: I. Rajiv is tall. II. Rajiv is not tall.

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A – type). Rajiv is a boy. ↔ All boys are tall. A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion "Rajiv is tall". This is Conclusion I. Venn diagrams:

Question 17

Statements: 1. All elephants are men. 2. All men are socks. Conclusions: I. Some socks are elephants. II. All elephants are socks.

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A–type). All elephants are men. ↔ All men are socks. A + A ⇒ A–type of Conclusion "All elephants are socks." This is Conclusion II. Conclusion I is the Converse of it.

Question 18

Statement: Some radios are telephones. All telephones are mirrors. All mirrors are desks. Conclusions: I. Some radios are desks. II. Some radios are mirrors. III. Some desks are telephones.

Accepted Answer

Some radios are telephones + All telephones are mirrors = I + A = I = Some radios are mirrors Hence II follows Some radios are mirrors + All mirrors are desks = I + A = I = Some radios are desks Hence I follows. All telephones are mirrors + All mirrors are desks = A + A + = All telephones are desks → conversion → Some desks are telephones (I). Hence III follows.

Question 19

Statement: All furniture are jungles. No jungle is road. Some road are hills. Conclusions: I. Some roads are furniture. II. Some jungles are furniture. III. Some hills are jungles.

Accepted Answer

All furniture are jungles + No jungle is road = A + E = E = No furniture is road → conversion → No road is furniture (E) Hence I does not follows. All furniture are jungles (A) → conversion → Some jungles are furniture (I). Hence II follows. No jungle is road + Some roads are hills = E + I = O* = Some hills are not jungles Hence III does not follows.

Question 20

Statement: All brick are stones. Some stones are rocks. All rocks are mountains. Conclusions: I. Some mountains are stones. II. Some mountains are bricks. III. Some stones are bricks.

Accepted Answer

Some stones are rocks + All rocks are mountains = I + A = I = Some stones are mountains → conversion → Some mountains are stones (I). Hence II follows. All brick are stones + Some stones are mountains = A + I = No conclusion Hence II does not follow. All brick are stones (A) → conversion → Some stone are bricks(I). Hence III follows.

Syllogism Questions