Question 1

Statements: (a) All clerks are typists. (b) Some typists are stenos. Conclusions: I. Some stenos are clerks. II. No steno is a clerk. III. All typists are clerks. IV. All clerks are stenos.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type). All clerks are typists. ↔ Some typists are stenos. A + I ⇒No Conclusion Conclusions I and II form Complementary Pair. Therefore, either I or II follows.

Question 2

Statements: (a) All players are educated. (b) All educated are cultured. Inferences: I. All players are cultured. II. All cultured persons are players.

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A - type). All players are educated. ↔ All educated are cultured. A + A ⇒ A–type of Conclusion "All players are cultured." This is Conclusion I.

Question 3

Statements: Some books are Magazines. Some Magazines are Novels. Conclusions: (I) Some books are Novels. (II) Some Novels are Magazines.

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type). No Conclusion follows from the two Particular Premises. Conclusion II is Converse of the second Premise.

Question 4

Statements : All animals are birds. Some animals are human beings. Conclusions : I. Some human beings are birds. II. Some birds are human beings.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A - type). Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I - type). Some human beings are animals. ↔ All animals are birds. I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion "Some human beings are birds". This is Conclusion I. Conclusion II is converse of it.

Question 5

Statements: All women are cats. All cats are rats. Conclusions: I. All women are rats. II. All rats are women.

Accepted Answer

Both the premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type). All women are cats. ↔ All cats are rats. A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion "All women are rats." This is Conclusion I.

Question 6

Statements: (1) All books are trees. (2) All trees are lions. Conclusions: I. All books are lions. II. All lions are books. III. All trees are books. IV. Some lions are books.

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type). All books are trees. ↔ All trees are lions. A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion. ''All books are lions''. This is Conclusion I. Conclusion IV is converse of it.

Question 7

Statements: A. All clerks are superintendents. B. All superintendents are managers. C. All managers are supervisors. Conclusions: I. All supervisors are clerks. II. Some clerks are supervisors. III. Some managers are clerks. IV. All superintendents …

Accepted Answer

All the three Premises are Universal Affirmative (A - type) All clerks are superintendents. ↔ All superintendents are managers. A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion ''All clerks are managers.'' Conclusion III is Converse of it. All clerks are managers. ↔ All managers are supervisors. A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion ''All clerk are supervisors.'' Conclusions II is its Implication. All superintendents are managers. ↔ All managers are supervisors. A + A ⇒ A – type of Conclusion ''All superintendents are supervisors.'' Conclusions II and III follow

Question 8

Statements: (a) Some schools are Laboratories. (b) All Laboratories are theatres. Conclusions: I. Some theatres are schools. II. No school is a theatre.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type) Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). Some schools are laboratories. ↔ All laboratories are theatres. I + A ⇒ I–type of Conclusion "Some schools are theatres". Conclusion I is Converse of it.

Question 9

Statements: Some boys are men. No man is black. Conclusions: I. Some boys are not black. II. Some men are boys.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I–type). Second Premise is Universal Negative (E–type). Some boys are men. ↔ No men is black. I + E ⇒ O – type of Conclusion "Some boys are not black." This is Conclusion I. Conclusion II is the Converse of the first Premise. Thus, both the Conclusions follow.

Question 10

Statements (a) No teacher comes to the school on a bicycle. (b) Anand comes to the school on a bicycle. Conclusions I. Anand is not a teacher II. Anand is a student.

Accepted Answer

No teacher comes to the school on a bicycle. Therefore, Anand cannot be a teacher. Anand is either student or clerical staff. Therefore, only Conclusion I follows.

Question 11

Statements: a. Some clerks are poor. b. A is poor. Conclusions: a. A is clerk. b. A has a large family.

Accepted Answer

Some clerks (not all) are poor and A is poor. Therefore, it is not certain that A is a clerk. Thus, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows.

Question 12

Statements: 1. All fish are tortoise. 2. No tortoise is a crocodile. Conclusions: I. No crocodile is a fish. II. No fish is a crocodile

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type). All fish are tortoise. ↔ No tortoise is a crocodile. A + E ⇒ E - type of Conclusion "No fish is a crocodile". This is Conclusion II. Conclusion I is Converse of it.

Question 13

Statements : No pencil is eraser. All erasers are sharpeners. Conclusions: I. All sharpeners are pencils. II. All sharpeners are erasers.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Negative (E–type). Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A–type). No pencil is eraser. ↔ All erasers are sharpeners. E + A ⇒ O1 – type of Conclusion. "Some sharpeners are not pencils." Venn diagrams Therefore, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows.

Question 14

Statements: All roses are yellow. Some roses are flowers. Conclusions: I. Some roses are yellow. II. All roses are flowers.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). Some flowers are roses. ↔ All roses are yellow. I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion "Some flowers are yellow." Conclusion I is the Implication of the first Premise.

Question 15

Statements: All intelligent people are creative. Conclusion I: Some creative people are intelligent. Conclusion II: All intelligent people are creative.

Accepted Answer

All intelligent people are creative. It implies that some creative people are intelligent. This is Conclusion I Conclusion II is the same as the statement. Venn diagram:

Question 16

Statements: 1. All cycles are ducks. 2. All ducks are swans. Conclusions: I. All swans are cycles. II. Some swans are cycles.

Accepted Answer

Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A–type). All cycles are ducks. ↔ All ducks are swans. A + A ⇒ A–type of Conclusion "All cycles are swans." Conclusion II is the Converse of it.

Question 17

Statements: Some books are novels. All novels are magazines. Some magazines are journals. Conclusions: I. Some novels are journals. II. Some books are magazines. III. All books are magazines. IV. No novel is a journal.

Accepted Answer

First and third Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type). Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). Some books are novels. ↔ All novels are magazines. I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion. "Some books are magazines." It is Conclusion II. Conclusions I and IV form Complementary Pair. Therefore, either Conclusion I or IV follows.

Question 18

Statements: (a) Blue is Black and some Black is red. (b) All red is Green but not Yellow Conclusions: I. Some Blue is Green. II. No Black is Yellow. III. Some Black is not Yellow. IV. No Black is Green.

Accepted Answer

Some blue is red and All red is green. Therefore, some blue is green. Clearly, no black is yellow. Thus, only Conclusions I and II follow.

Question 19

Statements: (a) Some buses are four wheelers. (b) All four wheelers are vans. Conclusions: I. Some vans are buses. II. Some buses are vans.

Accepted Answer

Some buses are four-wheelers. ↔ All four-wheelers are vans. I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion. "Some buses are vans". This is Conclusion II. Conclusion I is Converse of this Conclusion.

Question 20

Statements: (a) All teachers are experienced. (b) Some teachers are spinsters. Conclusions: I. Some experienced are spinsters. II. Some spinsters are experienced.

Accepted Answer

First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type). Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type). Some spinsters are teachers. ↔ All teachers are experienced. I + A ⇒ I-type of Conclusion "Some spinsters are experienced." This is Conclusion II. Conclusion I is Converse of it.

Syllogism Questions